Projective manifolds with small pluridegrees

Let \({\mathcal L}\) be a very ample line bundle on a smooth complex projective manifold \({\mathcal M}\) of dimension \(n\geq 8\). Except for a list of degenerate pairs \(({\mathcal M}, {\mathcal L})\), the second adjoint line bundle \(K_{\mathcal M}+(n-2) {\mathcal L}\) has Kodaira dimension \(\kappa(K_{\mathcal M} +(n-2) {\mathcal L})=n\) and there exists a morphism \(\pi: {\mathcal M}\to M\) expressing \({\mathcal M}\) as a projective manifold \(M\) blown up at a finite set. Moreover the line bundle \(L:=(\pi_* {\mathcal L})^{**}\) is ample on \(M\) and \({\mathcal K}: =K_M+(n-2)L\) is nef and big. In this situation the general element \(S\in |{\mathcal L} |\) is of general type and \(\pi_{|S}:S\to \pi(S)\) is a birational morphism expressing \(S\) as its minimal model \(\pi(S)\) blown-up at \(\gamma\) points. By definition, the pluridegrees of \((M,L)\) are the integers \(d_j:= L^{n-j}(K_M+ (n-2)L)^j\) for \(j=0,\dots,n\). They are strictly related to the geometry of \(({\mathcal M},{\mathcal L})\); in particular, the usual invariants occurring in the projective classification can be expressed in terms of them: e.g., \(d_0=\widehat d+ \gamma\), where \(\widehat d\) is the degree of \({\mathcal M}\) embedded by \(|{\mathcal L}|\), \(d_0+d_1 =2g-2\), where \(g\) is the sectional genus of \(({\mathcal M}, {\mathcal L})\), and \(d_2\) is the self-intersection of the canonical bundle on the minimal model of a surface section of \(({\mathcal M},{\mathcal L})\). In this paper the authors investigate the pluridegrees in detail. In particular, they give explicit lists of exceptions to inequalities of the form \(d_j\geq d_{j-1}+2\) and \(2d_j\geq d_{j-1}\) holding for \(n\geq 5\) and for \(n=4\), respectively. For \(n\geq 6\), assuming furthermore that \(\kappa(K_{\mathcal M}+(n-3) {\mathcal L})=n\), which happens except for a short list of exceptional varieties, they prove that either \(d_j\geq 2((n-1)/(n+1)) d_{i-j}\) for \(j=1,\dots,n\), or \(({\mathcal M}, {\mathcal L})\) satisfies very strong restrictions. The above inequality has several implications on the geometry of the curve and surface sections of \(({\mathcal M}, {\mathcal L})\). Similar inequalities are provided and the corresponding exceptions are studied also in lower dimensions. In particular, for \(n=3\) a thorough description of \(({\mathcal M}, {\mathcal L})\) through its second reduction is given for \(d_3=1\) and 2. As an application of the previous inequalities, a new lower bound for \(h^0({\mathcal K})\) is given under the assumption that \(\kappa(K_{\mathcal M}+(n-3) {\mathcal L})=n\). Results of this paper have been used by the authors to investigate the degree of the morphism associated to \(|2(K_{\mathcal M}+ (n-2){\mathcal L}) |\) [cf. \textit{M. C. Beltrametti} and \textit{A. J. Sommese}, Int. J. Math. 10, No. 6, 707-719 (1999)].

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