Propagation of hexagonal patterns near onset

Periodic solutions to PDEs (35B10) Reaction-diffusion equations (35K57) Normal forms, center manifold theory, bifurcation theory for infinite-dimensional dissipative dynamical systems (37L10) Nonlinear effects in hydrodynamic stability (76E30) Classical flows, reactions, etc. in chemistry (92E20)

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Pattern forming systems for a modified Swift-Hohenberg equation, \[ \partial _t u=-(1+\Delta )^2u+\mu u-\beta | \nabla u| ^2-u^3, \] near the onset of instability are investigated. There are spatially periodic stripe and hexagonal patterns for certain values of the parameters. For \(\beta =0\), the hexagons are unstable. The space time variables \((x_1,x_2,t)\) are transformed into \((\xi,x_1,x_2)\), where \(\xi=x_1-ct\). In the main result it is shown that, under certain conditions, there are solutions \(u(x_1,x_2,t)=v(\xi,x_1,x_2)\), where \(v\) has hexagonal periodicity in the last two variables, such that, in the limit \(\xi\to -\infty \), \(v\) has stable symmetry, whereas in the limit \(\xi\to \infty \), \(v\) has unstable symmetry. The actual patterns depend on explicitly given relations between the parameters \(\mu\) and \(\beta \). The results are proved via the center manifold theory.

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