Proper polynomial maps: The real case

[For the entire collection see Zbl 0756.00007.] Let \(R\) be a real closed field. A continuous map \(f:X \to Y\) between semialgebraic subsets \(X \subset R^ n\) and \(Y \subset R^ m\) is semialgebraic if its graph \(Gr(f)\) is a semialgebraic subset of \(R^{n+m}\). A semialgebraic map \(f:X \to Y\) is called semialgebraically proper if for every semialgebraic map \(g:Z \to Y\), the canonical projection \(p:X \times_ YZ=\{(x,y) \in X \times Z:f(x)=g(y)\} \to Z\) is semialgebraically closed, i.e. \(p\) maps every closed semialgebraic subset \(C\) of \(X \times_ YZ\) onto a closed semialgebraic subset \(p(C)\) of \(Z\). Theorem 1. Let \(f:X \to Y\) be a semialgebraic map between the semialgebraic subsets \(X \subset R^ n\), \(Y \subset R^ m\). The following statements are equivalent: (1) \(f\) is semialgebraically proper. (2) \(f\) is semialgebraically closed and its fibers are closed in \(R^ n\) and bounded. Our main results are refinements of this theorem for Nash or polynomial mappings: Theorem 2. Let \(f:R^ n \to R^ m\) be a nonconstant semialgebraically closed Nash map. Then \(f\) is semialgebraically proper. Theorem 3. Let \(f:R^ n \to R\) be a nonconstant polynomial map. Then \(f\) is semialgebraically proper if and only if there exists some \(M \in R^ +\) such that the fibers \(f^{-1} (t)\) are bounded for every \(t \in R\) with \(| t |>M\). We obtain some consequences of these results. For example, from theorem 3 it follows: Corollary 1. Let \(f:R^ n \to R^ m\) be a nonconstant polynomial map. Then \(f\) is semialgebraically proper if and only if there exists \(M \in R^ +\) such that for every \(t \in R^ +\) with \(t>M\), the inverse image \(f^{-1} (S^{m-1} (0,t))\) is bounded, where \(S^{m-1} (0,t)\) is the \((m-1)\)-sphere with radius \(t\).

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