Properties of Poisson kernel for a degenerate elliptic equation
Integral representations, integral operators, integral equations methods in higher dimensions (31B10) Boundary value and inverse problems for harmonic functions in higher dimensions (31B20) Integral representations of solutions to PDEs (35C15) Boundary value problems for second-order elliptic equations (35J25) Degenerate elliptic equations (35J70)
The authors consider the equation \[ LU(x)=\sum^n_{i=1}\left[(1-|x|^2)\;\frac{\partial^2U}{\partial x^2_i} + \tau x_i\;\frac{\partial U}{\partial x_i}\right]=0 \] where \(\tau > 2\) is an arbitrary real constant. The equation is elliptic inside and outside the unit sphere \(S^{n-1} = \{x\in \mathbb{R}^n:|x|=1\}\) and reduces to the Laplace-Beltrami equation for \(\tau = 2 (n-2)\). It is proven that the Poisson kernel of the associated Dirichlet problem is of the form \[ P(\rho u,v) =\sum^\infty_{k=0} \frac{2k+n-2}{n-2} \rho^k\tau_k(\rho)G^{\frac n2-1}_k(u\cdot v), \] \(|u|=|v|=1\), \(0\leq\rho <1\), where \(\tau_k(\rho)\) are appropriate coefficients which can be computed explicitly, and \(G_k^\mu\) is the Gegenbauer polynomial of degree \(k\) associated with \(\mu\). In other words: Let \(f\) be continuous on \(S^{n-1}\). Then \(U\) defined by \[ U(x) = \frac{1}{\omega_n}\int_{S^{n-1}} P(x,v)f(v)d\omega,\;|x|<1,\quad U(x) = f(x)\text{ on }|x|= 1 \] is continuous in \(|x|\leq 1\) and satisfies \(LU(x) = 0\).
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