Nonlinear and multiplicative inequalities in Sobolev spaces associated with Lie algebras

Pseudodifferential operators as generalizations of partial differential operators (35S05) Particular nonlinear operators (superposition, Hammerstein, Nemytski?, Uryson, etc.) (47H30)

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The article deals with Sobolev spaces associated with Lie algebras; more exactly, these Sobolev spaces \(H^N({\mathcal A}(\mu))\) are defined as a set of functions \(f: {\mathbb R}^n \to {\mathbb R}\) with the norm \[ \|f\|_{H^N({\mathcal A}(\mu))} = \sum_{k=0}^N \|Z_1^*Z_2^* \dots Z_k^* f\|_{L^2({\mathbb R}^n)}, \] where generators \(A_1^*,Z_2^*,\dots,Z_k^*\) are chosen among the generators of the Lie algebra \({\mathcal A}(\mu) = {\mathfrak s}{\mathfrak o}(n)\) generated by differential operators \[ Z^*(x,\xi) = \sum_{j=1,\dots,n} a_j(x)D_{x_j}, \] and \(\mu(x) \in C^\infty({\mathbb R}^n \setminus \{0\})\) is a homogeneous function of degree \(1\) whose level set \(\{\mu(x) = 1\}\) is diffeomorphic to the unit sphere (usually, a norm). In a similar way, the spaces \(H^N(\widetilde{\mathcal A}(\mu))\) are defined; here, \(\widetilde{\mathcal A}(\mu)\) is the Lie algebra generated by \(\{Y,\nabla\}\), and \(Y_1^*, Y_2^*,\dots,Y_n^*\) are chosen among the generators of \({\mathcal A}(\lambda)\), \(\mu(x)\) is a dual norm to \(\lambda\). The main results are the following: if \(N \geq 2[(n - 1)/2] + 1\), \(p \geq N\), \(\mu\) (or \(\lambda\)) is strictly convex, then the following inequalities hold: \[ \| \, |f|^p \, \|_{H^N(\widetilde{\mathcal A}(\mu))} \leq C \|f\|_{H^N(\widetilde{\mathcal A}(\mu))}^p, \qquad f \in H^N(\widetilde{\mathcal A}(\mu)). \] \[ \big(\| \, |f|^p \, \|_{H^N(\widetilde{\mathcal A}(\lambda))} \leq C \|f\|_{H^N(\widetilde{\mathcal A}(\lambda))}^p, \qquad f \in H^N(\widetilde{\mathcal A}(\lambda))\big). \] Furthermore, the equation \(H^N(\widetilde{\mathcal A}(\lambda)) = H^N(\widetilde{\mathcal A}(\mu))\) is discussed.

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