The Riemann hypothesis for Weng's zeta function of Sp(4) over Q. With an appendix by Lin Weng

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Abstract: As a generalization of the Dedekind zeta function, Weng defined the high rank zeta functions and proved that they have standard properties of zeta functions, namely, meromorphic continuation, functional equation, and having only two simple poles. The rank one zeta function is the Dedekind zeta function. For the rank two case, the Riemann hypothesis is proved for a general number field. Recently, he defined more general new zeta function associated to a pair of reductive group and its maximal parabolic subgroup. As well as high rank zeta functions, the new zeta function satisfies standard properties of zeta functions.In this paper, we prove that the Riemann hypothesis of Weng's zeta function attached to the sympletic group of degree four.This paper includes an appendix written by L. Weng, in which he explains a general construction for zeta functions associated to Sp(2n).


\textit{L. Weng} [Symmetries and the Riemann Hypothesis, Adv. Stud. Pure Math. 58, 173--223 (2010; Zbl 1227.11100), see also \url{arXiv:0803.1269}], attached a zeta function attached to a semi-simple reductive algebraic group \(G\) defined over \(\mathbb Q\) with a fixed maximal parabolic subgroup \(P\). Three natural questions arise: where is this function analytic, does it have a functional equation, and is there a type of Riemann hypothesis? This paper considers the case when \(G = \text{Sp}(4)\), while its appendix, written by Lin Weng, discusses the general case \(G = \text{Sp}(2n)\). For \(\text{Sp}(4)\), an explicit formula for the zeta function is given (see equation (11) and the appendix of the paper for a proof) consisting of products of shifted Gamma functions and Riemann zeta functions. Analytic continuation to the entire complex plane and the functional equation are a direct consequence. This leaves the Riemann hypothesis, that all zeros of the zeta function \(\xi_{\text{Sp}(4), \mathbb Q}(s)\) lie on the line \(\text{Re}(s) = 1/2\). A proof of this result makes up the content of this paper. It is conjectured in the appendix that the same result holds for \(\xi_{\text{Sp}(2n),\mathbb Q}(s)\), as well as a conjectural functional equation.











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