Integrals of equivariant forms and a Gauss-Bonnet theorem for constructible sheaves
Berline-Vergne integral localization formulacharacteristic cycles of sheavesequivariant formsintegral character formula
Other algebro-geometric (co)homologies (e.g., intersection, equivariant, Lawson, Deligne (co)homologies) (14F43) Representations of Lie and linear algebraic groups over real fields: analytic methods (22E45) Homology with local coefficients, equivariant cohomology (55N25) Index theory and related fixed-point theorems on manifolds (58J20)
\textit{N. Berline} and \textit{M. Vergne} [C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, Sér. I 295, 539--541 (1982; Zbl 0521.57020)] studied equivariant cohomology rings over a compact manifold under the action of compact groups, and established an integral localization formula. In this article, the author obtained a generalization of Berline-Vergne equivariant integral formula for the action of real reductive Lie groups, which are mostly noncompact. This generalization is very useful for the study of the representation theory of real reductive groups. For example, the author obtains an integral expression of character formula for such groups [\textit{M. Libine}, Represent. Theory 9, 507--524 (2005; Zbl 1216.22010)] using the results in this paper under review. Let us introduce the notation to state the main result (Theorem 20). Let \( M \) be a complex projective manifold on which a complex reductive algebraic group \( G_{\mathbb C} \) acts. Assume that a maximal torus \( T_{\mathbb C} \) of \( G_{\mathbb C} \) acts on \( M \) with isolated fixed points. A good example of \( M \) is a (partial) flag variety of a reductive algebraic group \( G_{\mathbb C} \). Consider a real form \( G_{\mathbb R} \) of \( G_{\mathbb C} \), and an equivariant closed form \( \alpha(X) \in \Omega^{\ast}(M) \; (X \in \mathfrak{g}_{\mathbb R}) \) smoothly depending on \( X \in \mathfrak{g}_{\mathbb R} \). We extend \( \alpha \) to a closed form on the cotangent bundle \( T^{\ast} M \) by putting \( \widetilde{\alpha}(X) = e^{\mu(X) + \sigma} \alpha(X) \), where \( \mu : T^{\ast}M \to \mathfrak{g}_{\mathbb C}^{\ast} \) is the moment map, and \( \sigma \) is the standard symplectic closed two form on \( T^{\ast}M \). Take a \( G_{\mathbb R} \)-equivariant sheaf \( \mathcal F \) (or an object in the derived category of \( \mathbb R \)-constructible \( G_{\mathbb R} \)-equivariant sheaves), and denote by \( \text{Ch}(\mathcal F) \) the characteristic variety, which is a conic Lagrangian subvariety of \( T^{\ast}M \). Let us pick a regular semisimple element \( X \in \mathfrak{g}_{\mathbb R} \), then the assumption that \( T_{\mathbb C} \) has finitely many fixed points implies that there are finitely many points \( x_1, \dots, x_d \in M \), on which \( X \) vanishes. Under the setting above, Main Theorem states that, under certain good conditions on \( \alpha \), \[ \int_{\text{Ch}(\mathcal F)} \widetilde{\alpha}(X) = (- 2 \pi)^{\dim M} \sum_{k = 1}^d m_k(X) \frac{\alpha(X)_{[0]}(x_k)}{\det{}^{1/2}(L_X \big|_{T_{x_k}^{\ast}M})} . \] Here \( L_X \) denotes the Lie derivative and \( m_k(X) \) is an integer which is determined by \[ \text{Ch}(\mathcal F) \sim m_1(X) T_{x_1}^{\ast}M + \cdots + m_k(X) T_{x_k}^{\ast}M , \] where \( \sim \) denotes the equivalence of Borel-Moore cycles. In fact, the key to the proof of the integral formula is to establish this equivalence via deformation of cycles. As applications, the author gives Gauss-Bonnet theorem for constructible sheaves and an explicit formula of the Fourier transform of the Duistermaat-Heckman measure for Hamiltonian group actions on symplectic manifolds.
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