Robust exponential attractors and convergence to equilibria for non-isothermal Cahn-Hilliard equations with dynamic boundary conditions

Asymptotic behavior of solutions to PDEs (35B40) Attractors (35B41) Nonlinear parabolic equations (35K55) Inertial manifolds and other invariant attracting sets of infinite-dimensional dissipative dynamical systems (37L25) Stefan problems, phase changes, etc. (80A22)

Review text

Under suitable assumptions on the smooth nonlinearities \(F_1\) and \(F_2\), the conserved phase-field system \[ \begin{cases} \partial_t\varphi = \Delta\mu, & (x,t)\in \Omega\times (0,\infty),\\ \mu = \alpha \partial_t \varphi- \Delta\varphi+ F_1'(\varphi) - \delta \theta, &(x,t)\in \Omega\times (0,\infty),\\ \varepsilon \partial_t \theta - \Delta \theta = - \delta \partial_t\varphi, & (x,t)\in \Omega\times (0,\infty), \end{cases} \] with dynamic boundary conditions \[ \begin{cases} \partial_n \mu = 0 , & (x,t)\in\partial\Omega\times (0,\infty),\\ \partial_t\varphi= \Delta_{\partial\Omega}\varphi- \partial_n\varphi-\varphi- F_2'(\varphi), & (x,t)\in\partial\Omega\times (0,\infty),\\ b \partial_n \theta + c\theta = 0 , & (x,t)\in\partial\Omega\times (0,\infty), \end{cases} \] generates a semiflow in a suitable metric space \({\mathbb Y}\). Here, \(\alpha\), \(\delta\), and \(\varepsilon\) are non-negative real numbers, \(\Omega\) is a bounded open subset of \({\mathbb R}^3\), \(\Delta_{\partial\Omega}\) denotes the Laplace-Beltrami operator on the surface \(\partial\Omega\), and either \((b,c)\in (0,\infty)\times [0,\infty)\) or \((b,c)\in \{0\}\times (0,\infty)\). It is already known that the semiflow has an exponential attractor \({\mathcal M}_{\varepsilon,\delta,\alpha}\) in \({\mathbb Y}\). A quantitative estimate of the Hausdorff distance \(\text{dist}({\mathcal M}_{\varepsilon,\delta,\alpha},{\mathcal M}_{\varepsilon,0,\alpha}\) in this space is established for \(\varepsilon>0\), and \(\alpha>0\) and this distance is shown to be bounded from above by \(\eta_1 \delta^{\kappa_1}\) for some \(\eta_1>0\) and \(\kappa_1\in (0,1)\). Similarly, it is proved that \(\text{dist}({\mathcal M}_{\varepsilon,\delta,\alpha},{\mathcal M}_{\varepsilon,0,0})\leq \eta_2 \alpha^{\kappa_2}\) for \(\varepsilon>0\), \(\alpha>0\), and \(\delta\leq\lambda\alpha\), and that \(\text{dist}({\mathcal M}_{\varepsilon,\delta,\alpha},{\mathcal M}_{0,0,\alpha})\leq \eta_3 \varepsilon^{\kappa_3}\) for \(\varepsilon>0\), \(\alpha>0\), and \(\delta\leq \min{\{\lambda\alpha,\bar{\lambda}\varepsilon\}}\), the constants \(\lambda\) and \(\bar{\lambda}\) being small enough. It is next shown that, if \(F_1\) and\(F_2\) are real analytic, any solution converges to a single steady state as \(t\to\infty\), the proof relying on a Łojasiewicz-Simon inequality.

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