On pairs of commuting nilpotent matrices

DOI10.1007/S00031-008-9045-6MaRDI QIDQ1024629zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Polona Oblak, T. Košir

Publication date 17 June 2009

Published in Transformation Groups (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0712.2813

zbMATH Keywords

Gorenstein algebraHilbert functionidempotent mapJordan canonical formMacaulay's theoremnilpotent commutatornilpotent matrix

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Canonical forms, reductions, classification (15A21) Commutativity of matrices (15A27) Algebraic systems of matrices (15A30)

Abstract: Let $B$ be a nilpotent matrix and suppose that its Jordan canonical form is determined by a partition $lambda$. Then it is known that its nilpotent commutator $N_B$ is an irreducible variety and that there is a unique partition $mu$ such that the intersection of the orbit of nilpotent matrices corresponding to $mu$ with $N_B$ is dense in $N_B$. We prove that map $D$ given by $D(lambda)=mu$ is an idempotent map. This answers a question of Basili and Iarrobino and gives a partial answer to a question of Panyushev. In the proof, we use the fact that for a generic matrix $Ain{N}_B$ the algebra generated by $A$ and $B$ is a Gorenstein algebra. Thus, a generic pair of commuting nilpotent matrices generates a Gorenstein algebra. We also describe $D(lambda)$ in terms of $lambda$ if $D(lambda)$ has at most two parts.

Review text

Let \(M_n(F)\) be the algebra of all \(n \times n\) matrices over an algebraically closed field \(F\) and \({\mathcal N}\) be the variety of all nilpotent matrices in \(M_n(F)\). Let \(B \in {\mathcal N}\) be a nilpotent matrix and suppose that its Jordan canonical form is determined by a partition \(\lambda\). It is shown that \({\mathcal N}_B\) is an irreducible variety and that there is a unique partition \(\mu\) of \(n\) such that the intersection of the orbit of \(B\) and \({\mathcal N}_B\) is dense in \({\mathcal N}_B\). In the paper, the question if the map \({\mathcal D}(\lambda)\) of the partition \(\lambda\) is stable is discussed. The main result of the paper is the proof that \({\mathcal D}\) is idempotent map on nilpotent orbits of \(M_n(F)\). This answers the original question of \textit{A. Iarrobino} and \textit{R. Basili} [Workshop Algebraic Combinatorics Meets Inverse Systems, Montréal, Jan. 19--21 (2007)] if \({\mathcal D}\) is an idempotent map and also a special case of Panyushev's question stated in a more general setup of simple Lie algebras [cf. \textit{D. I. Panyushev}, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 212, 774--779 (2008; Zbl 1137.17017)]. In the proof an extension of a lemma of \textit{V. Baranovsky} [Transform. Groups 6, No.~1, 3--8 (2001; Zbl 0980.15012)] is used. It is proved that a generic pair of commuting nilpotent matrices generates a Gorenstein algebra. Then the Macaulay's theorem on the Hilbert function of the intersection of two plane curves is used to prove that \({\mathcal D}\) is idempotent. Finally, the problem of describing \({\mathcal D}(\lambda)\) in terms of partition \(\lambda\) is discussed. The result of the work gives the answer in the case when \({\mathcal D}(\lambda)\) has at most two parts.

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Cited in

(18)

• A counterexample to a problem on commuting matrices
• Nilpotent matrices having a given Jordan type as maximum commuting nilpotent orbit
• Artinian algebras and Jordan type
• On the maximal nilpotent orbit that intersects the centralizer of a matrix
• Bound on the Jordan type of a generic nilpotent matrix commuting with a given matrix
• The poset of the nilpotent commutator of a nilpotent matrix
• The smallest part of the generic partition of the nilpotent commutator of a nilpotent matrix
• On the nilpotent commutator of a nilpotent matrix
• Homogeneous Nilpotent Matrices in Two Variables
• The upper bound for the index of nilpotency for a matrix commuting with a given nilpotent matrix
• Commuting nilpotent matrices and Artinian algebras.
• A Matricial Identity Involving the Self-Commutator of a Commuting n-Tuple
• Commuting nilpotent operators and maximal rank
• Commuting Jordan types: a survey
• Jordan type of an Artinian algebra, a survey
• Jordan type stratification of spaces of commuting nilpotent matrices
• On the variety of almost commuting nilpotent matrices
• Pairs of commuting nilpotent matrices, and Hilbert function

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