On the appearance of the -point in a weakly nonideal Bose gas and the two-liquid Thiess-Landau model
On the appearance of the \(\lambda \)-point in a weakly nonideal Bose gas and the two-liquid Thiess-Landau model
The paper studies asymptotic properties of the spectrum of a superfluidity problem with boundary. It is stated the controversy between Boltzmann approach and pure mathematical one. Mathematicians assume that the molecules of gas ``remember their initial conditions and the process of passage of molecules to gas is deterministic. However, the molecules forget their origin analogously to as the computer does not keep the initial data in its individual memory. If the mean speed is decreased in such a way that it becomes lower than the critical value then the computer recalls the origin of a part of the molecules and a phase transition from an undeterminate state to a partly determinate state occurs corresponding to the two-liquid Thiess-Landau model. Then, the equiprobable scenarios of passing to the condensate state are considered by using examples of the blackbody radiation, animal behavior and also economic and social developments. It is stated that the passage from a chaotic motion to a joint motion occurs as the result of two phase transitions to ``condensate states, namely the first is to dimmers (doubled molecules) and the other to the zero energy of chaos with a joint superfluid motion. For the case in which dimmers occur, the operators of creation and annihilation of pairs are arisen and the method of second quantization is generalized to the ultrasecond quantification. The classical Bogoliubov consideration of superfluidity without use any boundary conditions is generalized taking into account the boundary vessel. In order to explain the superfluidity in a vessel, it is used the ultrasecond quantization. First, the ultrasecond quantization is regarded in the bosonic case, and some assertions are found. In particular, the ultrasecondly quantized operator is represented in filling numbers and pseudosymbol and projection of the operator to the N-particle subspace are found. In contrast to secondly quantized problems, after obtaining the asymptotics for the time symbol, it is applied the symmetrization procedure both to the leading term of the asymptotics and to its estimate and proved that the relative value of the estimate does not increase under the procedure. As a result, the spectrum obtained includes the Bogoliubov spectrum. In the thermodynamic limit, the roton part of the Bogoliubov spectrum disappears and the Gross-Pitaevskii equation occurs. In the case of superfluidity, it is obtained a spectrum of the form giving the Landau curve in the quasithermodynamic limit.
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