Pattern avoidance and smoothness of closures for orbits of a symmetric subgroup in the flag variety

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Abstract: We give a pattern avoidance criterion to classify the orbits of Sp(p,C) x Sp(q,C) (resp. GL(n,C)) on the flag variety of type C_{p+q} (resp. D_n) with rationally smooth closure. We show that all such orbit closures fiber (with smooth fiber) over a smaller flag variety, and hence are in fact smooth. In addition we prove that the classification is insensitive to isogeny.


Let \(G\) be a complex connected reductive algebraic group, \(\theta\) an involutive automorphism of \(G\), \(K\subset G\) the group of fixed points of \(\theta\), and \({\mathcal B}\) the flag variety of \(G\) (i.e., the variety of maximal solvable subalgebras of \(\text{Lie}(G)\)). The question of whether a \(K\)-orbit on \({\mathcal B}\) is smooth can be phrased in terms of local intersection homology and thus can be settled by applying an algorithm due to \textit{D. A. Vogan jun.} [Duke Math. J. 46, 805--859 (1979; Zbl 0421.22008)]. In contrast, in the present paper the authors approach the question of rational smoothness from a combinatorial standpoint: Building on the work of \textit{W. M. McGovern} [J. Algebra 322, No. 8, 2709--2712 (2009; Zbl 1185.14040)], the authors use an isogeny-independent pattern avoidance scheme to identify the \(K\)-orbits on \({\mathcal B}\) that have rationally smooth closure for flag varieties of types \(C\) and \(D\). Further, the authors show that all of these rationally smooth orbit closures are in fact smooth.











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