On the uniform convexity of L^ p spaces, 1

Publication date 1984

Published in Illinois Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Geometry and structure of normed linear spaces (46B20) Classical Banach spaces in the general theory (46B25) Spaces of measurable functions ((L^p)-spaces, Orlicz spaces, Köthe function spaces, Lorentz spaces, rearrangement invariant spaces, ideal spaces, etc.) (46E30)

Review text

The modulus of convexity \(\delta_ p(\epsilon)\) of the real or complex Lebesgue space \(L_ p\) is defined as \[ \delta_ p(\epsilon)=\inf \{1- \| x+y\|_ p/2:\| x\|_ p\leq 1,\quad \| y\|_ p\leq 1,\quad \| x-y\|_ p\geq \epsilon \}, \] where \(\| \cdot \|_ p\) denotes the usual \(L_ p\)-norm. Clarkson in 1936 showed that all the \(L_ p\), \(1<p<+\infty\) are uniformly convex, that is, that \((\delta_ p(\epsilon)>0\) whenever \(0<\epsilon <2\). In 1956 Hanner improved this result by obtaining explicit asymptotic formulas for \(\delta_ p(\epsilon)\). While the proof of it for \(p\geq 2\) is quite easy, the situation for \(1<p<2\) is more delicate. The paper under review proposes a very simple and elementary proof of the inequality \[ \| | f| /2+| g| /2\|_ p^{2-p}\{\| f\|^ p_ p/2+\| g\|^ p_ p/2-\| (f+g)/2\|^ p_ p\}\geq p(p- 1)\| f-g\|^ 2_ p/8,\quad 1<p<2. \] The result of Hanner, that is, the estimate \(\delta_ p(\epsilon)\geq (p-1)\epsilon^ 2/8\) then immediately follows. The above inequality with p(p-1)/8 replaced by an unknown constant has been found by [\textit{. S. Jakimovski} and \textit{D. C. Russell}, C. R. Math. Acad. Sci., Soc. R. Can. 3, 23-27 (1981; Zbl 0458.46012)].

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