Models of Peano arithmetic and a question of Sikorski on ordered fields

Models of other mathematical theories (03C65) Continuum hypothesis and Martin's axiom (03E50) Nonstandard models of arithmetic (03H15) Ordered fields (12J15) Model theory of fields (12L12)

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Let \(\kappa\) be a regular cardinal. An ordered field F is said to have the Bolzano-Weierstrass property for \(\kappa\)-sequences (briefly: F is BW(\(\kappa)\)) if every bounded \(\kappa\)-sequence has a convergent \(\kappa\)-subsequence. \textit{R. Sikorski} [C.R. Soc. Sci. Lett. Varsovie, Cl. III 41, 69-96 (1950; Zbl 0039.276)] asked about the existence of BW(\(\kappa)\) fields F where \(| F| >\kappa >\aleph_ o\). Some results had been obtained by \textit{L. Manevitz} and \textit{A. W. Miller} [Isr. J. Math. 45, 209-218 (1983; Zbl 0526.03017)], \textit{S. B. Todorčević} [Ann. Math. Logic 20, 233-268 (1981; Zbl 0469.03036)] and \textit{D. J. Velleman} [Ann. Math. Logic 23, 199-281 (1982; Zbl 0521.03034)], including the result that for all regular \(\kappa >\aleph_ o\) there were such fields, assuming \(V=L\). \textit{J. Cowles} and \textit{R. LaGrange} [Notre Dame J. Formal Logic 24, 133-140 (1983; Zbl 0488.03027)] observed that the existence of such a field implies the existence of a \(\kappa\)-Kurepa tree with no \(\kappa\)-Aronszajn subtrees. The main result of this paper, proved using models of Peano Arithmetic, is a converse to this. Specifically, it is Theorem: If \(\lambda \geq \kappa >\aleph_ o\) are cardinals with \(\kappa\) regular, then there is a real-closed BW(\(\kappa)\) field of cardinality \(\lambda\) iff there is a \(\kappa\)-tree having exactly \(\lambda\) branches but no \(\kappa\)-Aronszajn subtree.

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