Continuous affine functionals on convex families of analytic functions

Let \({\mathcal A}\) denote the space of functions that are analytic in \(\Delta =\{z\in {\mathbb{C}}:\) \(| z| <1\}\) with the topology of convergence given by uniform convergence on compact subsets of \(\Delta\). Let \({\mathcal F}\) be a convex subset of \({\mathcal A}\), and let \(A: {\mathcal F}\to R\) be a real functional on \({\mathcal F}\). We say that A is a continuous affine functional on \({\mathcal F}\) when the following conditions hold: If \(f_ n\in {\mathcal F}\) and \(f_ n\to f\) then \(A(f_ n)\to A(f)\). Also if f,g\(\in {\mathcal F}\) and \(0\leq t\leq 1\) then \[ A(tf+(1-t)g)=tA(f)+(1-t)A(g). \] The authors characterize the continuous affine functionals on families of analytic functions that are defind by integrating a kernel with respect to probability measures on the unit circle. The families include functions of positive real part, the closed convex hulls of convex and starlike mappings, and the typically real class. For example they prove that the continuous affine functionals on the class of normalized functions of positive real part are characterized by the representation \[ A(f)=C[y_ 0+\sum^{\infty}_{n=1}Re\{a_ ny_ n\}] \] where \(f(z)=1+\sum^{\infty}_{n=1}a_ nz^ n\), \(\{y_ n\}\) denotes the sequence of Fourier coefficients of a real continuous function on \(\partial \Delta\) and C[\(\sum^{\infty}_{n=0}\alpha_ n]\) denotes the Cesáro sum of the series \(\sum^{\infty}_{n=0}\alpha_ n\). The authors also describe the solution set for the maximum of a continuous affine functional over these families. Conditions are given under which a continuous affine functional extends to the real part of a continuous linear functional on a space of analytic functions. They pose the problem of determining the linear spans of various subsets of \({\mathcal A}\). This problem has not been considered for families such as the normalized univalent functions on \(\Delta\) or the normalized starlike univalent functions on \(\Delta\). The authors also generalize some of their results to families including the close-to-convex class. The interesting paper deserves the close scrutiny of the workers in the field.

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