On the action of the Frobenius automorphism on the pro- fundamental group

Galois theory (11R32) Arithmetic theory of algebraic function fields (11R58) Finite ground fields in algebraic geometry (14G15) Algebraic functions and function fields in algebraic geometry (14H05)

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Let \(K={\mathbb{F}}_ q(t)\) be a rational function field of one variable over a finite field of characteristic p and \(\ell\) (\(\neq p)\) be a fixed prime number. Let \(M_{\lambda}\) be the maximum pro-\(\ell\) extension of K \({\bar {\mathbb{F}}}_ q\) which is unramified outside \(t=0, 1, \infty, \lambda\) \((\lambda \in {\mathbb{F}}_ q\setminus \{0,1\})\). It is known that one can construct a representation \(\phi _{\lambda}\) of the absolute Galois group Gal(\({\bar {\mathbb{F}}}_ q/ {\mathbb{F}}_ q)\) of \({\mathbb{F}}_ q\); \[ \phi _{\lambda}: Gal({\bar {\mathbb{F}}}_ q/ {\mathbb{F}}_ q)\quad \to \quad Out G\quad. \] Here, G denotes the Galois group of \(M_{\lambda}\) over K \({\bar {\mathbb{F}}}_ q.\) The author shows that this representation does depend on the choice of \(\lambda\). To state the result more precisely, let \(\rho\) \(\in Gal({\bar {\mathbb{F}}}_ q/ {\mathbb{F}}_ q)\) be the q-th power Frobenius automorphism and assume that \(\ell | p-1\). We show that there exist a finite field \({\mathbb{F}}_ q\) and \(\lambda _ 1,\lambda _ 2\in {\mathbb{F}}_ q\setminus \{0,1\}\) such that \(\phi _{\lambda _ 1}(\rho)\in Out G_ 1\) and \(\phi _{\lambda _ 2}(\rho)\in Out G_ 2\) are not conjugate under any identification of \(G_ 1\) with \(G_ 2\). Here, \(G_ 1\) (resp. \(G_ 2)\) is the Galois group of \(M_{\lambda _ 1}\) (resp. \(M_{\lambda _ 2})\) over K \({\bar {\mathbb{F}}}_ q\). In the case of \(\ell =2\), a stronger result is obtained.

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