On homomorphisms of cocommutative coalgebras and Hopf algebras

coalgebra retraction coalgebra splitting cocommutative coalgebras cocommutative Hopf algebras exact sequences group-like elements hyperalgebras nearly-primitive elements pointed cocommutative Hopf algebras

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Affine algebraic groups, hyperalgebra constructions (14L17) Homological methods in associative algebras (16Exx) Hopf algebras (aspects of homology and homotopy of topological groups) (57T05)

Review text

Let \(k\to G\to^{j}H\to^{\rho}J\to k\) be an exact sequence of cocommutative Hopf algebras over a field k and let C be a cocommutative coalgebra over k. It is well-known that the induced sequence of groups \[ \{e\}\to Coalg(C,G)\to^{j_*}Coalg(C,H)\to^{\rho_*}Coalg(C,J) \] is also exact. \textit{T. Shudo} has shown that if C is also pointed and if H is a hyperalgebra, then \(\rho_*\) is surjective if and only if j has a coalgebra retraction [Hiroshima Math. J. 13, 627-646 (1983; Zbl 0529.16005)]. The author generalizes this result for cocommutative coalgebras C and for exact sequences of pointed cocommutative Hopf algebras, also showing that the condition is equivalent to \(\rho\) having a coalgebra splitting (as did Shudo for hyperalgebras). His methods involve reducing to group-like elements and nearly-primitive elements. Some of the preliminary results are interesting in themselves, but the reader should compare with the (not necessarily cocommutative) results for group-like elements and nearly-primitive elements in pointed coalgebras obtained by \textit{T. Marlowe} [J. Pure Appl. Algebra 35, 157- 169 (1985; Zbl 0598.57031)].

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