Champs Hamiltoniens, relaxation et existence de solutions en calcul des variations. (Hamiltonian fields, relaxation and existence of solutions in the calculus of variations)

Dynamical aspects of finite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems (37J99) Methods involving semicontinuity and convergence; relaxation (49J45) Optimality conditions for problems involving ordinary differential equations (49K15) Hamilton-Jacobi theories (49L99) Duality theory (optimization) (49N15)

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Let us consider the following problem of the calculus of variations in \(R^ 2\) \[ {\mathcal P}(T,\alpha,\beta): Inf\{\int^{T}_{0}(g(\dot x(t))+h(x(t)))dt;\quad x\in (W^{1,q}(0,T))^ 2,\quad x(0)=\alpha,\quad x(T)=\beta \}, \] where \(1<q<+\infty\) and g and h are nonconvex smooth functions. Let \(g^{**}\) be the greatest convex function satisfying \(g^{**}\leq g\) and let us consider the relaxed problem \({\mathcal P}{\mathcal R}(T,\alpha,\beta)\) associated with \({\mathcal P}(T,\alpha,\beta)\), i.e. the problem obtained from \({\mathcal P}(T,\alpha,\beta)\) by replacing g with \(g^{**}\). By using the maximum principle for \({\mathcal P}{\mathcal R}\), the author associates with any solution x of \({\mathcal P}{\mathcal R}\) a trajectory in the phase space, and he studies the trajectories of \({\mathcal P}{\mathcal R}\) in the case where \({\mathcal P}\) does not admit a solution. He proves the following interesting property: there exists at least one solution \(\bar x\) of \({\mathcal P}{\mathcal R}\) such that if the restriction of g to some line \(\Delta\) through \(\bar x\dot{\;}(t)\) does not satisfy the classical Weierstrass condition, then the restriction of h to the line direction \(\Delta\) going through \(\bar x(t)\) is strictly convex. By using this result, the author proves a necessary and sufficient condition on (g,h) in order that P has at least one solution for every boundary conditions.

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