Radicals and Hilbert Nullstellensatz for not necessarily algebraically closed fields

Given a (commutative) field k and a subfield K of its algebraic closure \(\bar k\) containing k. The aim of this paper is to prove a generalization of the Hilbert Nullstellensatz (where \(K=\bar k)\) which makes it possible to set up a dictionary between the algebraic subsets in the affine space \({\mathbb{A}}_ K\) r and certain ideals of the polynomial ring \(R=k[X_ 1,...,X_ r]\) called K-radicals (which are radical ideals if \(K=\bar k)\). With the notion of the K-radical \(K\sqrt{I}\) of an ideal \(I\subset R\) the author gives a treatment of the Nullstellensatz over an arbitrary field (``K-Nullstellensatz) which is analogous to the usual presentation over algebraically closed fields. The usual method (``Rabinowitz trick) for proving the Hilbert Nullstellensatz is used in section 3 to deduce the K-Hilbert Nullstellensatz from its weak form, i.e. \(K\sqrt{I}\neq R\) iff \(Z_ K(I)=\{\)zeroes of the polynomials in \(I\}\neq \emptyset.\) The main technical aspect in the definition of \(K\sqrt{I}\) goes back to an idea of Adkins and others who considered the case \(k=K\) for a result in the direction of the Hilbert Nullstellensatz. In the case that k is an ordered field, similar results were proved by Dubois and Risler which turn out to be a consequence of the K-Nullstellensatz.

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