Convergence of series with respect to generalized Haar systems

Functional analytic methods in summability (40H05) Fourier series in special orthogonal functions (Legendre polynomials, Walsh functions, etc.) (42C10)

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Let \(\{p_ n\}\), \(n=1,2,..\). be a sequence of integers with \(p_ n\geq 2\). Write \(m_ 0=1\), \(m_ n=p_ 1p_ 2...p_ n\) (n\(\geq 1)\). Any integer \(m\geq 2\) can be uniquely expressed in the form \(m=m_ n+r(p_{n+1}-1)+s.\) Where \(n\geq 0\), \(r=0,1,...,m_ n-1\), \(s=1,2,...,p_{n+1}-1\). With the expection of a set Q of measure zero, any point t of (0,1) can be uniquely expressed in the form \(t=\sum^{\infty}_{k=1}j_ k(t)/m_ k\) when \(0\leq j_ k(t)\leq p_ k-1\). Define \(\chi_ 1(t)=1\), and for \(m\geq 2\), \(0<t<1\), \(t\not\in Q\) and m, t expressed as above, define \[ \chi_ m(t) = \begin{cases} \sqrt{m_ n} \exp \{2\pi isj_{m+1} (t)/p_{m+1}\} \\ (r/m_ n <t <(r+1)/m_ n); \\ 0 \text{ (otherwise).} \end{cases} \] For \(t\in Q\) we define \(\chi_ m(t)\) as the mean of its left and right hand limit, and we define \(\chi_ m(0)=\chi_ m(0+)\), \(\chi_ m(1)=\chi_ m(1-)\). This is a generalisation of the Haar system, to which it reduces when \(p_ n=2\) for all n. Like the Haar system, it is a complete system of functions orthonormal on [0,1]. The paper considers certain known properties of the Haar system which can be extended to the generalised system provided that \((p_ n)\) is bounded. One such property is that in order that \(\sum^{\infty}_{m-1}0_ m\chi_ m(t)\) should converge a.e. in a set E, it is necessary and sufficient that \(\sum^{\infty}_{m-1}| 0_ n\chi_ m(t)|^ 2\) should converge a.e. on E. This becomes false whenever \(\{p_ n\}\) is unbounded. Again, if \(\{p_ n\}\) is bounded, then the system is an unconditional basis for \(L^ 2[0,1]\) where \(1<r<\infty\). Some further results are given, and a generalisation of the Walsh system analogues to the above generalisation of the Haar system is also considered.

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