On the Darboux transformation of second order ordinary differential operator

Transformation and reduction of ordinary differential equations and systems, normal forms (34C20) Partial differential equations of mathematical physics and other areas of application (35Q99)

Review text

The Darboux transformation of the second order differential operator \(L(u)=\partial^ 2-u(x)\) in the complex domain is investigated. Define the differential polynomials \(Z_ n(u)\) by the recursion relation \(Z_ n(u)=\partial^{-1}(2^{-1}u'+u\partial -4^{-1}\partial^ 3)Z_{n- 1}(u),\) \(n\in {\mathfrak N}\) with \(Z_ 0(u)=2\). Put \(C_{\pm}(\zeta)=\pm \partial +2(\partial /\partial x)\log (\xi_ 1y_ 1(x)+\xi_ 2y_ 2(x)),\) where \(y_ 1(x)\) and \(y_ 2(x)\) are the fundamental systems of solutions of \(L(u)y=0\) and \(\zeta =[\xi_ 1:\xi_ 2]\in {\mathfrak P}_ 1\). The identity \(C_+(\zeta)Z_ n(u^*(x;\zeta))=C_-(\zeta)Z_ n(u(x)),\) \(n=0,1,2,..\). and its application to the transformation theory of the higher order KdV equation are discussed, where \[ u^*(x;\zeta)=u(x)-2(\partial /\partial x)^ 2\log (\xi_ 1y_ 1(x)+\xi_ 2y_ 2(x)) \] is the coefficient of the Darboux transformation of L(u). Moreover the Darboux transformation in the elliptic case is also mentioned.

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