Strong negative partition relations below the continuum
Let \(\lambda\) be an uncountable cardinal. Then \(\text{Pr}^ +(\lambda)\) (respectively \(\text{Pr}(\lambda)\)) asserts the existence of a symmetric function \(c: \lambda\times\lambda\to\lambda\) with the property that for every \(n\) with \(0<n<\omega\), every one-to-one function \(f:n\times\lambda\to\lambda\) and every function (resp. constant function) \(h:n \times n\to\lambda\), there are \(\alpha<\beta\) such that \(c(f(i,\alpha),f(j,\beta))=h(i,j)\) for all \(i,j<n\). The main result of the paper is that \(\text{Pr}(\lambda)\) holds whenever there is a nonreflecting stationary subset \(S\) of \(\lambda\) with \(S\subseteq\{\alpha\): \(\text{cf}(\alpha)>\omega_ 1\}\). It is also shown that \(\text{Pr}^ +(\lambda)\) follows from \(\text{Pr}(\lambda)\) in case \(\lambda\) is regular but not a strong limit. Assuming that \(\lambda\) is the successor of a regular \(\kappa>\omega_ 1\), the author gives applications to Boolean algebras (the product of two \(\lambda\)-c.c. Boolean algebras may lack the \(\lambda\)-c.c.) and to set-theoretic topology (there exists a \(\lambda\)-separable (respectively \(\lambda\)- Lindelöf) Hausdorff space that is not \(\lambda\)-Lindelöf (resp. \(\lambda\)-separable)). See J. Symb. Logic 55, No. 1, 21-31 (1990; Zbl 0708.03026) by the same author for closely related results.
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