Note on Hecke operators and cohomology of PSL₂( Z)
Let \(\Gamma\) denote the modular group \(\text{PSL}_2(\mathbb Z)\), \(V\) denote the polynomial algebra \(\mathbb Z[x,y]\) viewed as a \(\Gamma\)-module \((\gamma P(x,y)=P((x,y)\gamma))\), \(W\) be the submodule of \(V\) of even degree polynomials, \(\ell\) be a prime power, and \(W_ \ell\) be the reduction of \(W\) modulo \(\ell\). In this paper the authors study the action of the Hecke operators on the cohomology groups \(H^ 1(\Gamma,W)\) and \(H^ 1(\Gamma,W_ \ell)\), and use this to obtain congruences for the eigenvalues of the Hecke operators acting on the space of cusp forms. In particular they establish the following: Theorem. Let \(\lambda_ \ell\) be an eigenvalue of the Hecke operator \(T_ \ell\) in the space of cusp forms for \(\Gamma\) of weight \(k\). Then (i) \(\lambda_ 7\equiv 0\bmod 7\) if \(k\equiv 10,14\bmod 42\), (ii) \(\lambda_{11}\equiv 0\bmod 11\) if \(k\equiv 14\bmod 110\). Here \(\lambda_ \ell\equiv 0\bmod\ell\) means that \(\lambda_ \ell/\ell\) is an algebraic integer. The relationship between the cohomology groups and modular forms is given by the Eichler-Shimura isomorphism [cf. \textit{G. Shimura}, Introduction to the arithmetic theory of automorphic functions. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press (1971; Zbl 0221.10029)]. The authors state that the results of their paper are largely extended by a forthcoming paper of \textit{E. Papier} [Opérateurs de Hecke et cohomologie (preprint, per biblio.)].
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