Ahlfors functions on non-planar Riemann surfaces whose double are hyperelliptic
Let \(R\) be a finite bordered Riemann surface which is a regular subregion of a Riemann surface. The genus of \(R\) is finite and the boundary \(\partial R\) of \(R\) consists of a finite number of contours. The author deals with the Ahlfors functions on non-planar Riemann surfaces whose double are hyperelliptic. It is shown that the double \(\widehat R\) of such Riemann surface \(R\) can be expressed as \[ y^2=\prod_{j=1}^{g+1}(x-\alpha_j)(1-\overline{\alpha_j}x),\tag{1} \] where \(g\) denotes the genus of \(\widehat R\), \(|\alpha_j| < 1\) \((j = 1,\dots, g + 1)\) and \(\alpha_j\neq \alpha_k\) \((j\neq k)\), and \(R=\{P\in \widehat R: | x(P)| < 1\}\). Let \(N(R)\) be the set of degree of Ahlfors functions on \(R\). By using the equation (1), it is shown that an Ahlfors function on \(R\) is of degree 2 or \(g + 1\), that is, \(N(R) \subset \{2,g+ 1\}\). The relation between Ahlfors functions and conformal automorphisms of Riemann surfaces is considered. The necessary and sufficient conditions that the Ahlfors function at \(O\in R\) with \(x(O) =0\) is of degree 2 are obtained. The parameter space \(\mathfrak S\subset \mathbf C^{g+1}\) each point of which corresponds to the branch points \(\alpha_j\) \((j = 1,\dots, g + 1)\) in (1) is defined. Let \(\mathfrak S_2\) be the set of all points of degree 2 and \(\mathfrak S_{g+1}\) the set of all points of degree \(g + 1\). It is shown that \(\mathfrak S_{g+1}\) is closed in \(\mathfrak S\) and \(\mathfrak S_{g+1}\) is open in \(\mathfrak S\). A Riemann surface \(R\) with \(N(R) = \{2,g+1\}\) is constructed.
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