Ratio asymptotics for polynomials orthogonal on arcs on the unit circle
Let \(\mu\) be a probability measure with infinite support on the unit circle \(\Gamma\), \(\{\Phi_n(z)\}_{n\geq 0}\) the corresponding sequence of monic orthogonal polynomials (deg \(\Phi_n=n\)) and \(\kappa_n=\|\Phi_n\|_{L^2(\mu)}\). The complex numbers \(\Phi_n(0)\) are known as reflection coefficients (or Schur coefficients). According to the authors' terminology, measure \(\mu \in M_\Gamma (a;b)\) if the limits \[ \lim_n |\Phi_n(0)|=a \in [0,1], \quad \lim_n {\Phi_n(0) \over \Phi_{n-1}(0)} = b \tag{*} \] exist. The class \(M_\Gamma (0;b)\) is well studied, so the most interesting is the case when \(a \in (0,1]\) (\(\Rightarrow |b|=1\) and Szegő's condition is not satisfied). Set \(\gamma=\{z \in \Gamma: \alpha \leq \arg (z)-\arg (b) \leq 2\pi-\alpha \}\), where \(\sin (\alpha/2)=a\). The main result of the paper characterizes the class \(M_\Gamma(a;b)\) for \(0<a\leq 1\) in terms of the ratio asymptotics of \(\Phi_n\): \[ \mu \in M_\Gamma(a;b) \] is equivalent to \[ \lim_n {\Phi_{n+1}(z) \over \Phi_{n}(z)} = {z+b+\sqrt{(z-b)^2+4zba^2}\over 2}, \quad \lim_n {\kappa_{n+1} \over \kappa_{n}}=\sqrt{1-a^2}, \] where convergence is uniform on compact sets disjoint with the support of \(\mu\). Moreover, in this case the set of accumulation points of the support coincides with the arc \(\gamma\), along with some additional asymptotic properties of \ \(\Phi_n\) and their zeros. Finally, the limit periodic case (that is, when limits (*) exist for \(n =j\bmod k\), \(j=1, \dots, k\)) is also considered.
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