Finite-dimensional perturbations of selfadjoint operators
The authors study the discrete part of the spectrum of the operator \(A+\gamma B,\) where \(A\) is a selfadjoint and \(B\) a finite dimensional operator in a Hilbert space \(H\). They investigate the asymptotic behaviour of the eigenvalues of the perturbed operator in a gap of the spectrum \(\sigma(A)\) at \(\gamma\rightarrow 0\). It is shown that it is determined by the asymptotic behaviour of the diagonal block of the resolvent \(R_{\lambda}(A)\) corresponding to the range of \(B\) near the endpoints of the gap. The results are formulated in terms of the new notions of characteristic branches of \(A\) with respect to a finite-dimensional subspace of \(H\) on a gap of \(\sigma(A)\) and asymptotics multiplicities of gap endpoints with respect to this subspace. The full information concerning the number and asymptotic behaviour of the eigenvalues (estimates from above and below) is obtained in the case of a non-negative operator \(B\). For the case of indefinite \(B\), only estimates of the multiplicities of the eigenvalues near the endpoints of a gap of the spectrum \(\sigma(A)\) and some information concerning a localization of these eigenvalues are obtained. The obtained results are applied to the operator \((Af)(t)=tf(t)\) on \(L^{2}([0,1],\rho_{c}),\) where \(\rho_{c}\) is the Cantor measure. Here the precise description of the asymptotic behaviour of the eigenvalues of \(A+\gamma B\) in the gaps of \(\sigma(A)=C\) (the Cantor set) is obtained.
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