An index theorem for the product of linear relations
Let \(X\), \(Y\), \(Z\) be vector spaces (over an arbitrary field) and let \(T\) and \(S\) be linear relations from \(X\) to \(Y\) and \(Y\) to \(Z\), respectively, with \(S\) everywhere defined on \(Y\) [see \textit{R. Arens}, Pac. J. Math. 11, 9-23 (1961; Zbl 0102.10201) for more details on linear relations]. Then the author shows (Theorem 3.1) an analogue of the formula of \textit{D. Hadwin} [Linear Algebra Appl. 208-209, 229-230 (1994; Zbl 0822.47013)] for the product \(ST\), which relates the nullities and deficiencies of \(S\), \(T\) and \(ST\). Moreover he shows that when \(S\) and \(T\) have finite indices (for instance if all the vector spaces are finite dimensional), then \(ST\) has a finite index and \[ \operatorname{ind} (ST)= \operatorname{ind}( T)+\operatorname{ind}( S)- \dim (T(0) \cap S^{-1}(0)) . \] He also gives an analogue of the ``Fundamental Theorem of Linear Algebra for linear relations.
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