A generalization of the AZ identity
The main result is the following identity: Suppose that for a family \({\mathcal B}=\{B_ 1,\dots,B_ N\}\) of subsets of \(\Omega=\{1,\dots,n\}\) and a family \({\mathcal A}^*=\{A_ 1,\dots,A_ N\}\) of subsets of \(2^ \Omega\), where \({\mathcal A}_ i=\{A^ t_ i:t \in T_ i\}\) for a finite index set \(T_ i\), the following conditions are satisfied: (a) \(A^ t_ i \subseteqq B_ i\) for \(t \in T_ i\) and \(i=1,\dots,N\), and (b) \(A^ t_ i \nsubseteqq B_ j\) for \(t \in T_ i\) and \(i \neq j\). Then with \({\mathcal A}=\bigcup^ N_{i=1} {\mathcal A}_ i\) \[ \sum^ N_{i=1} \sum^{|T_ i|}_{k=1} (-1)^{k-1} \sum_{S \subseteq |T_ i|,\;|S|=k} {n-|B_ i-\bigcup_{t \in S} A_ i^ t|\choose |\bigcup_{t \in S} A^ t_ i|}^{-1}+\sum_{X \notin {\mathcal D} ({\mathcal B})} {W_{\mathcal A} (X) \over |X|{n \choose |X|}}=1 \] where \({\mathcal D} ({\mathcal B})=\{D \subseteqq \Omega:D \subseteq B_ i\) for some \(i=1,\dots,N\}\) and \(W_{\mathcal A} (X)=|\bigcap_{X \supseteqq A \in {\mathcal A}} A|\). Under some additional suppositions a full characterization of the cases with equality is given.
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