Non-Cayley vertex-transitive graphs of order twice the product of two odd primes
A positive integer \(n\) is called non-Cayley \((n\in\text{NC})\) if there exists a non-Cayley, vertex-transitive graph having \(n\) vertices. This paper investigates the ``simplest case for which only sporadic results are known whether \(n\in\text{NC}\), namely, when \(n= 2pq\) and \(p\) and \(q\) are primes with \(2< q< p\). In the first of the two main results, it is shown by construction that \(2pq\in\text{NC}\) when \(q| p-1\). Arguing that ``the case where there is a vertex-imprimitive group of automorphisms is the heart of the problem, the authors then prove that if \(q\nmid p-1\) but \(p\equiv q\equiv 3\pmod 4\) and \(pq\not\in\text{NC}\), then any graph on \(2pq\neq 66\) vertices admitting a transitive imprimitive group of automorphisms is a Cayley graph. The elegant techniques employed draw extensively from the theory of the classical groups and from combinatorial geometry.
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