Abel summability of Jacobi type series

Authors Calixto P. Calderón, V. N. Vera de Serio

Publication date 6 January 1998

Published in Illinois Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abel summability Jacobi polynomials Jacobi series maximal operator Watson kernel

Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.) (33C45) Abel, Borel and power series methods (40G10) Summability in several variables (42B08) Fourier series in special orthogonal functions (Legendre polynomials, Walsh functions, etc.) (42C10)

Review text

Let \(\{ P_n^{(\alpha, \beta)}\}\) be the sequence of Jacobi orthonormal polynomials corresponding to the weight \(J^{(\alpha, \beta)}(x) =(1-x)^\alpha(1+x)^\beta\) on \([-1,1]\). Then, the sequence of Jacobi functions \[ F_n^{(\alpha, \beta)} = P_n^{(\alpha, \beta)} \sqrt{J^{(\alpha, \beta)}} \] is orthonormal with respect to the Lebesgue measure on \([-1,1]\). In the \(m\)-dimensional setting take \[ P_{\vec{n}}^{(\vec{\alpha}, \vec{\beta})}(X)=\prod_{j=1}^m P_{n_j}^{(\alpha_j, \beta_j)}(x_j), \qquad F_{\vec{n}}^{(\vec{\alpha}, \vec{\beta})}(X)=\prod_{j=1}^m F_{n_j}^{(\alpha_j, \beta_j)}(x_j), \] \[ J^{(\vec{\alpha}, \vec{\beta})}(X)=\prod_{j=1}^m J^{(\alpha_j, \beta_j)}(x_j), \] where \(\vec{n}\), \(\vec{\alpha}\), \(\vec{\beta}\) are multiindices and \(X= (x_1, \dots, x_m) \in Q=[-1,1]^m\). Thus, two types of Fourier series can be considered: for \(f \in L^1(J^{(\vec{\alpha}, \vec{\beta})})\), \[ \sum c_{\vec{n}} P_{\vec{n}}^{(\vec{\alpha}, \vec{\beta})}(X) , \] and for \(f \in L^1(Q)\), \[ \sum c_{\vec{n}} F_{\vec{n}}^{(\vec{\alpha}, \vec{\beta})}(X) , \] where \(c_{\vec{n}}\) are the Fourier coefficients for \(f\). Correspondingly, Abel approximations \[ f(\vec{r},X)=\sum_{\vec{n}} r_1^{n_1}\cdots r_m^{n_m} c_{\vec{n}} P_{\vec{n}}^{(\vec{\alpha}, \vec{\beta})}(X), \qquad \tilde{f}(\vec{r},X)=\sum_{\vec{n}} r_1^{n_1}\cdots r_m^{n_m} c_{\vec{n}} F_{\vec{n}}^{(\vec{\alpha}, \vec{\beta})}(X), \] can be constructed. Convergence of \(f(\vec{r},X)\) to \(f(X)\) as \(r \to 1^-\) with some restrictions on the components of \(\vec{r}\) was studied by \textit{L. A. Caffarelli} and \textit{C. P. Calderón} [Colloq. Math. 30, 277-288 (1974; Zbl 0291.40016)]; there, \(L^1\)-weak type estimates for the restricted maximal operator played a leading role. Here, the authors consider an analogous problem for \(\tilde{f}(\vec{r},X)\). Continuing the cited work of Caffarelli and Calderón, they extend the weak type estimate to the restricted maximal operator of the Abel sum \(\tilde{f}(\vec{r},X)\) and generalize the main theorem to a family of weights \[ J^{(\vec{\alpha}^*, \vec{\beta}^*)}(X)=\prod_{j=1}^m J^{(\alpha_j^*, \beta_j^*)}(x_j), \] where \(\alpha_j^* \geq \alpha_j \geq 0\), etc. Finally, a unified approach to both problems is considered.

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