The normalized cyclomatic quotient associated with presentations of finitely generated groups

DOI10.1007/BF02760687MaRDI QIDQ1366867zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Amnon Rosenmann

Publication date 25 November 1997

Published in Israel Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/9412204

zbMATH Keywords

amenable groupsasymptotic invariantsCayley graphsEuler characteristicfinitely presented groupsfree productsnormalized cyclomatic quotients

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Generators, relations, and presentations of groups (20F05) Geometric group theory (20F65) Means on groups, semigroups, etc.; amenable groups (43A07)

Abstract: Given the Cayley graph of a finitely generated group $G$, with respect to a presentation $G^{alpha}$ with $n$ generators, the quotient of the rank of the fundamental group of subgraphs of the Cayley graph by the cardinality of the set of vertices of the subgraphs gives rise to the definition of the normalized cyclomatic quotient $Xi(G^{alpha})$. The asymptotic behavior of this quotient is similar to the asymptotic behavior of the quotient of the cardinality of the boundary of the subgraph by the cardinality of the subgraph. Using Følner's criterion for amenability one gets that $Xi(G^{alpha})$ vanishes for infinite groups if and only if they are amenable. When $G$ is finite then $Xi(G^{alpha})=1/|G|$, where $|G|$'> is the cardinality of $G$, and when $G$ is non-amenable then $1-nleqXi(G^{alpha})le0$, with $Xi(G^{alpha})=1-n$ if and only if $G$ is free of rank $n$. Thus we see that on special cases $Xi(G^{alpha})$ takes the values of the Euler characteristic of $G$. Most of the paper is concerned with formulae for the value of $Xi(G^{alpha})$ with respect to that of subgroups and factor groups, and with respect to the decomposition of the group into direct product and free product. Some of the formulae and bounds we get for $Xi(G^{alpha})$ are similar to those given for the spectral radius of symmetric random walks on the graph of $G^{alpha}$, but this is not always the case. In the last section of the paper we define and touch very briefly the balanced cyclomatic quotient, which is defined on concentric balls in the graph and is related to the growth of $G$.

Review text

Let \(G\) be a finitely presented group, with a presentation \(G^\alpha\) having \(n\) generators. The author defines the normalized cyclomatic quotient (in brief, NCQ), denoted by \(\widehat\Xi(G^\alpha)\), by considering the asymptotic behaviour of the quotient of the rank of the fundamental group of subgraphs of the associated Cayley graph by the cardinality of the set of vertices of these subgraphs. In some ways, the NCQ behaves similarly to the behaviour of the spectral radius of a symmetric random walk on the Cayley graph. The value of \(\widehat\Xi(G^\alpha)\) depends on the presentation of the group, unless the group is amenable. Using Følner's criterion for amenability, the author shows that the NCQ vanishes for an infinite group if and only if the group is amenable. When \(G\) is finite, then \(\widehat\Xi(G^\alpha)=1/|G|\) and when \(G\) is non-amenable, then \(1-n\leq\widehat\Xi(G^\alpha)<0\), with \(\widehat\Xi(G^\alpha)=1-n\) if and only if \(G\) is of free rank \(n\). For some special cases, \(\widehat\Xi(G^\alpha)\) is equal to the Euler characteristic of \(G\) (but this is not the case for example when \(X\) is a free group or a free product with amalgamation of two free groups). Most of the paper is concerned with bounds for the value of the NCQ on factor groups and subgroups, and formulas with respect of the decomposition of \(G\) into direct and free products. Some other related asymptotic invariants are also discussed in this paper.

Recommendations

• A numerical invariant for finitely generated groups via actions on graphs.
• On the Cayley graph of a generic finitely presented group
• Cayley graphs and group presentations
• Quasi-regular graphs, cogrowth, and amenability

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Cited in

(2)

• On problems related to growth, entropy, and spectrum in group theory
• Finite p -Quotients of Some Cyclically Presented Groups

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