On totally real spheres in complex space

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Publication:1380089



Abstract: We shall prove that there are totally real and real analytic embeddings of Sk in ccn which are not biholomorphically equivalent if kgeq5 and n=k+2[frack−14]. We also show that a smooth manifold M admits a totally real immersion in ccn with a trivial complex normal bundle if and only if the complexified tangent bundle of M is trivial. The latter is proved by applying Gromov's weak homotopy equivalence principle for totally real immersions to Hirsch's transversal fields theory.


Let \(M, N\) be two totally real and real analytic submanifolds in \(\mathbb C^n\). \(M\) and \(N\) are said to be biholomorphically equivalent if there is a biholomorphic mapping \(F\) defined in a neighborhood of \(M\) such that \(F(M)= N\). As a standard fact of complexification, one knows that all totally real and real analytic embeddings of \(M\) in \(\mathbb C^n\) are biholomorphically equivalent if \(M\) is of maximal dimension \(n\). The sphere \(S^k:\sum_{i=1}^{k+1}x_i^2= 1\) in \(\mathbb R^{k+1}\) represents a trivial totally real embedding of \(S^k\) in \(\mathbb C^{k+1}\). The main result of the paper is the following theorem: If \(k \leq 4\), all totally real and real analytic embeddings of \(S^k\) in \(\mathbb C^n\) are biholomorphically equivalent. If \(k \geq 5\) and \(n_k= k +2[(k-1)/4]\), there exist totally real and real analytic embeddings of \(S^k\) in \(\mathbb C^{n_k}\) which are not biholomorphically equivalent, while all totally real and real analytic embeddings of \(S^k\) in \(\mathbb C^n\) are biholomorphically equivalent if \(n > n_k\). Recall that a \(C^1\)-smooth mapping \(f: M \to \mathbb C^n\) is a totally real immersion if \(f_*T_xM\) spans a \(k\)-dimensional complex linear subspace of \(T_{f(x)}\mathbb C^n\) for each \(x \in M\). The author defines the \textit{complex} normal bundle of the immersion \(f\), denoted by \(\nu_f\), to be the complex vector bundle whose fiber over \(x\in M\) is the quotient of \(T_{f(x)}\mathbb C^n\) by the complex linear span of \(f_*T_xM\). Analogous to the results of \textit{M. W. Hirsch} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 93, 242-276 (1959; Zbl 0113.17202)] about transversal fields of smooth immersions, the author obtains the theorem on the regular homotopy totally real immersions. Namely, let \(f:M \to \mathbb C^n\) be a \(C^1\) totally real immersion. Assume that the complex normal bundle \(\nu_f\) has a topologically trivial subbundle of rank \(r\). Then there is a regular homotopy \(f_t:M \to \mathbb C^n\) of \(C^1\) totally real immersions such that \(f_0=f\) and \(f_1:M\to \mathbb C^{n-r}\). The author exibits a conclusion and an application of this theorem as follows: Let \(M\) be a smooth manifold of dimension \(k\). Then \(M\) admits a totally real immersion in \(\mathbb C^n\) with a trivial complex normal bundle iff there exists a totally real immersion of \(M\) in \(C^k\), i.e. the complexified tangent bundle \(T^cM\) is trivial. Let \(M\) be a manifold of dimension \(n\) which is immersible in \(\mathbb R^{n+1}\). Then \(T^cM\) is trivial if \(M\) is orientable, or \(M\) is non-orientable with \(H^2(M,\mathbb Z)= 0\).











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