Entire solutions of the nonlinear eigenvalue logistic problem with sign-changing potential and absorption

DOI10.3934/CPAA.2003.2.311MaRDI QIDQ1424065zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Teodora-Liliana Rădulescu

Publication date 8 March 2004

Published in Communications on Pure and Applied Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0511156

zbMATH Keywords

entire solutionlogistic equationnonlinear eigenvalue problempopulation dynamicspositive solutionuniqueness

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Asymptotic behavior of solutions to PDEs (35B40) Boundary value problems for second-order elliptic equations (35J25) Nonlinear elliptic equations (35J60) Nonlinear eigenvalue problems and nonlinear spectral theory for PDEs (35P30) Population dynamics (general) (92D25)

Abstract: We are concerned with positive solutions decaying to zero at infinity for the logistic equation $-Deltau=lambda(V(x)u-f(u))$ in $R{R}^N$, where $V(x)$ is a variable potential that may change sign, $lambda$ is a real parameter, and $f$ is an absorbtion term such that the mapping $f(t)/t$ is increasing in $(0,infty)$. We prove that there exists a bifurcation non-negative number $Lambda$ such that the above problem has exactly one solution if $lambda>Lambda$, but no such a solution exists provided $lambdaleqLambda$.

Review text

This paper is devoted to the study of the nonlinear eigenvalue logistic problem with sign-changing potential and absorption. More precisely, the author studies the existence, uniqueness or non-existence of positive solutions of the eigenvalue problem \[ - \Delta u = \lambda\left(V(x)u - f(u)\right) \quad\text{in \({\mathbb R}^N\)}, \] where \(N \geq 3\), \(\lambda\) is a real parameter, \(V(x)\) is a smooth sign-changing potential and \(f(u)\) is an absorption term such that the function \(f(u)/u\) is increasing in the interval \((0,\infty)\). Equations of this type arise in population dynamics. In this case, the unknown function \(u(x)\) represents the density of a population, the potential \(V(x)\) describes the birth rate of the population, while the term \(-f(u)\) signifies the fact that the population is self-limiting. In the region where \(V(x) > 0\) the population has positive birth rate and in the region where \(V(x) < 0\) the population has negative birth rate, respectively. In this paper the author proves that there exists a bifurcation non-negative number \(\Lambda\) such that the eigenvalue problem has exactly one solution if \(\lambda > \Lambda\), but no such solution exists if \(\lambda \leq \Lambda\).

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