On ^*-maximality.
This article belongs to the group of papers about the classification of unstable theories without strict order property (SOP) by Shelah and others. The authors compare the model-theoretic notion \(\vartriangleleft^*\) and the syntactic \(\text{SOP}_i\), \(i= 1,2,3\), and they establish the implications: \[ \text{SOP}_3\Rightarrow\;\vartriangleleft^*\!\text{-maximality}\Rightarrow \text{SOP}_2\Rightarrow \text{SOP}_1\Rightarrow\text{not simple}. \] Not all implications are reversible, but which one is or is not is a ``burning question, they say. Here are some indications of notions involved. Between two theories \(T_0\) and \(T_1\), \(T_0\vartriangleleft^* T_1\) holds if there is a third theory \(T\) into which \(T_0\) and \(T_1\) are interpretable, and in each \({\mathfrak M}\models T\) when the inner model of \(T_1\) in \({\mathfrak M}\) is \(\lambda\)-saturated, so is that of \(T_0\) for all large enough \(\lambda\). The notions \(\text{SOP}_i\) for \(i\geq 3\) were used previously. The new notions \(\text{SOP}_2\) and \(\text{SOP}_1\) are derived from a reformulation of the old \(\text{SOP}_3\). \(\text{SOP}_2\) declares the existence of a formula \(\varphi(x,y)\) and elements \(a_\eta\) (in the `monster' model) indexed by all the finite sequences of \(0\) and \(1\) such that although \(\{\varphi(x, a_\eta), \varphi(x, a_\nu)\}\) is inconsistent if \(\eta\) and \(\nu\) are incompatible, the set \(\{\varphi(x, a_{\rho| n})/n\in \omega\}\) is consistent for any \(\rho: \omega\to \{0,1\}\). \(\text{SOP}_1\) is seemingly weaker but whether it is, is an open question. On the way to obtaining these results, the authors build the theory \(T_{\text{feq}}\) which is not simple and is not SOP\(_3\) (hence irreversibility of the above implications somewhere), and is strictly below the theory of dense linear order with respect to \(\vartriangleleft^*\). They also give detailed studies of SOP's -- equivalent conditions, comparisons, etc. This paper is well organized and pleasantly written. Many definitions, constructions, and proofs are long and complicated. But the authors break them up into stages with good explanations of motivations and strategies. Remark: Mathematics is not literature. Neverthless, it is delightful to come across ``Before laying down the organisation of the paper\dots, and the like.
- A Partition Theorem
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- Model theory.
- Nonexistence of universal orders in many cardinals
- On universal locally finite groups
- Simple theories
- The universality spectrum of stable unsuperstable theories
- Toward classifying unstable theories
- Universal graphs at the successor of a singular cardinal
- Realization of -types and Keisler's order
- Local order property in nonelementary classes
- A new look at interpretability and saturation
- Generic variations and NTP₁
- Existentially closed exponential fields
- Criteria for exact saturation and singular compactness
- Independence over arbitrary sets in \(\mathrm{NSOP}_1\) theories
- Dividing lines in unstable theories and subclasses of Baire 1 functions
- On Kim-independence
- Transitivity of Kim-independence
- Keisler's order is not simple (and simple theories may not be either)
- On properties of theories which preclude the existence of universal models
- Model-theoretic applications of cofinality spectrum problems
- Tree indiscernibilities, revisited
- A dividing line within simple unstable theories
- Generic expansion and Skolemization in \(\mathrm{NSOP}_{1}\) theories
- Universality: new criterion for non-existence
- The stability spectrum for classes of atomic models
- Model-theoretic properties of ultrafilters built by independent families of functions
- Maximal T-spaces of a free associative algebra
- The characteristic sequence of a first-order formula
- Cofinality spectrum theorems in model theory, set theory, and general topology
- Independence, order, and the interaction of ultrafilters and theories
- Characterization of NIP theories by ordered graph-indiscernibles
- Local character of Kim-independence
- A note on \(\mathrm{NSOP}_1\) in one variable
- Generic expansions by a reduct
- Hypergraph sequences as a tool for saturation of ultrapowers
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3411294 (Why is no real title available?)
- On the antichain tree property
- Atomic saturation of reduced powers
- Using ultrapowers to compare continuous structures
- Model theory: combinatorics, groups, valued fields and neostability. Abstracts from the workshop held January 8--14, 2023
- TRANSITIVITY, LOWNESS, AND RANKS IN NSOP THEORIES
- \(\mathrm{SOP}_1\), \(\mathrm{SOP}_2\), and antichain tree property
- Notions around tree property 1
- Positive indiscernibles
- A new perspective on semi-retractions and the Ramsey property
- Some remarks on Kim-dividing in NATP theories
- NSOP1 as a dividing line
- Preservation of NATP
- Generic multiplicative endomorphism of a field
- On rank not only in \(\mathrm{NSOP}_1\) theories
- Conant-independence and generalized free amalgamation
- On \(\mathrm{NSOP}_2\) theories
- More on \(\mathrm{SOP}_1\) and \(\mathrm{SOP}_2\)
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