Über das Gravitationsfeld eines Massenpunktes nach der \textit{Einstein}schen Theorie.
Der Verf. behandelt das von \textit{Einstein} für schwache Felder gelöste Problem für beliebige Gravitationsfelder. Er sucht eine Lösung der Feldgleichung, die den Bedingungen genügt, daß\ alle \(g_{ik}\) von \(x_4\) unabhängig sind, daß\ \(g_{14}=g_{24}=g_{34}=0\), \(g_{34}=0\), daß\ die Lösung kugelsymmetrisch ist und im Unendlichen das Feld verschwindet. Das Linienelement muß\ dann in Polarkoordinaten die Form \[ ds^2=Fdt^2-(G+Hr^2)dr^2 - Gr^2(d \vartheta^2 + \sin^2 \vartheta d \varphi^2) \] haben, wo \(F, G, H\) Funktionen von \(r\) sind. Setzt man \[ x_1=\frac{r^3}{3}, \quad x_2=-\cos \vartheta, \quad x_3=\varphi, \] so wird: \[ ds^2=f_4dx_4^2-f_1dx_1^2 -f_2\frac{dx_2^2}{1-x_2^2} - f_3dx_3^2 (1-x_2^2), \] wo \[ f_2=f_3, \quad f_4=F, \quad f_1=\frac{G}{r^4}+\frac{H}{r^2}, \quad f_2=Gr^2. \] Durch Integration der Feldgleichungen ergibt sich dann \[ F_1=\frac{1}{R^4} \frac{1}{1-\frac \alpha R}, \quad f_2=R^2, \quad f_4=1-\frac \alpha R, \] wo \(R=\root 3\of{r^3+\alpha^3}\) und \(\alpha\) eine Konstante ist, die von der Masse des Punktes abhängt. Es ist also: \[ ds^2= \left( 1-\frac \alpha R \right) dt^2 - \frac{dR^2}{1- \frac \alpha R}-R^2 (d \vartheta^2 + \sin^2 \vartheta d \varphi^2). \] Für die Bewegungsgleichungen ergibt sich als erstes Integral: \[ \left( \frac{dx}{d \varphi} \right)^2 = \frac{1-h}{c^2} + \frac{h \alpha}{c^2} x-x^2+\alpha x^3, \] wo \(x=\frac 1R\) und \(h\) eine Integrationskonstante. Setzen wir für \(R\) seinen Näherungswert \(r\), so geht aus dieser Gleichung die \textit{Einstein}sche hervor, aus der sich die Perihelbewegung des Merkur ergibt. Das dritte \textit{Kepler}sche Gesetz lautet nach der strengen Lösung, wenn wir mit \(n\) die Winkelgeschwindigkeit des Umlaufes bezeichnen: \[ n^2=\frac{\alpha}{2(r^3+\alpha^3)}. \] Die Proportionalität zwischen \(n^2\) und \(r^{-3}\) gilt also nicht streng; \(n\) nimmt bei abnehmenden \(r\) nicht unbegrenzt zu, sondern nähert sich dem Maximalwert \(\frac{1}{\alpha \sqrt 2}\).
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