Asymmetric positive solutions for a symmetric nonlinear problem in R^N
Oscillation, zeros of solutions, mean value theorems, etc. in context of PDEs (35B05) Variational methods for second-order elliptic equations (35J20) Nonlinear elliptic equations (35J60) NLS equations (nonlinear Schrödinger equations) (35Q55) PDEs in connection with optics and electromagnetic theory (35Q60)
The authors deal with the symmetric semilinear elliptic problem: \[ \begin{cases} -\Delta u(x)+\lambda u(x)= h(x)u(x)+ (1-\chi_d(x)) f(u(x)),\;u(x)> 0,\;x\in\mathbb{R}^N,\\ \lim_{|x|\to\infty} u(x)= 0,\end{cases} \] where \(\lambda>0\), \(N\geq 2\), \(h: \mathbb{R}^N\to \mathbb{R}\) is a radially symmetric, nonnegative, and bounded function with support in \(B_d= \{x\in \mathbb{R}^N:|x|\leq d\}\), and \(\chi_d(x)\) is the characteristic function of the set \(B_d\). This problem arises in nonlinear optics from the study of the behaviour of optical cylindrical waveguides. Under some growth conditions on \(f\in C^1((0,\infty), \mathbb{R})\), it is proved that if \(\text{essinf}_{B_d}h> 0\) and \(\lambda>\|h\|_\infty\), then there exists at least one asymmetric positive solution. The method is based on the variational structure of the problem in the Sobolev space \(H^1(\mathbb{R}^N)\). The point is to show that the mountain-pass solution is asymmetric.
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