On hyperbolically convex functions

DOI10.1007/BF02921830MaRDI QIDQ1589321zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Christian Pommerenke, Diego Alejandro Mejía

Publication date 11 December 2000

Published in The Journal of Geometric Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02921830

hyperbolically convex function Schwarzian derivative starlike function

Special classes of univalent and multivalent functions of one complex variable (starlike, convex, bounded rotation, etc.) (30C45)

Review text

In this interesting paper the authors study the hyperbolically convex functions. A conformal map of the unit disc \({\mathbb D}\) into itself is called hyperbolically convex if \(f({\mathbb D})\) is a hyperbolically convex domain, which means that the non-Euclidean segment between any two points of \(f({\mathbb D})\) also belongs to \(f({\mathbb D})\). One of the main results of this paper is Theorem 2.1: If \(f(z)=\alpha z+\dots\) is hyperbolically convex, then \(\operatorname {Re}[\frac{zf'(z)}{f(z)}]> \frac{1}{2}\) for \(z\in {\mathbb D}\). Using this result, the authors obtain the following consequence, given in Corollary 2.2: If \(f(z)=\alpha z+a_2z^2+a_3z^3+\dots\), then \[ h(z)=z^{-1}f(z)^2=\alpha^2z+2\alpha a_2z^2+(a_2^2+2\alpha a_3)z^3+\dots \] maps \({\mathbb D}\) conformally onto a starlike subdomain of \({\mathbb D}\). On the other hand, applying Corollary 2.2, the authors obtain in Theorem 3.1 the following characterization of hyperbolically convexity in terms of two variables: If \(f(z)=\alpha z+\dots\) is hyperbolically convex, then \[ \operatorname {Re}\frac{\zeta}{z-\zeta}\frac{f(z)-f(\zeta)}{f(\zeta)}>\frac{1}{2}, z,\zeta\in {\mathbb D}. \] Let \(S_f=(f/f')'-(f/f')^2/2\) be the Schwarzian derivative of \(f\) and \[ \sigma(\alpha)=\max\{|S_f(0)|: f(z)=\alpha z+\dots \text{hyperbolically convex}\}. \] In Theorem 4.1 the authors show that \(\sigma(\alpha)\leq 3(1-\alpha^4)\) for \(e^{-2}\leq \alpha \leq 1\). Moreover, they conjecture that \(\sigma(\alpha)=2(\alpha^2+\cos{2\theta})\) with \(\alpha=\pi/(2K(\cos\theta))\) and \(K(\kappa)\) is the complete elliptic integral of the first kind. Moreover, several interesting examples of hyperbolically convex functions are also obtained.

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