Multiple positive solutions of some elliptic equations in R^N

The author of this interesting paper studies the multiple positive solutions of a class of nonlinear elliptic partial differential equations which are perturbations of homogeneous problems in \( \mathbb{R}^N \). The problem under consideration is the perturbed equation \(-\triangle u+u=(1-\varepsilon a(x))u^p+\varepsilon h(x)\) in \(\mathbb{R}^N \), \(u\in H^1(\mathbb{R}^N)\), \(u>0\) in \(\mathbb{R}^N\) for \(\varepsilon >0\) small. Here \(a(x)\geq 0\) and \(h(x)\geq 0\) are locally Hölder continuous, \(a(x)\in L^1(\mathbb{R}^N)\), \(h(x)\in L^2(\mathbb{R}^N)\). It is obtained that for \(\varepsilon >0\) small enough and under some additional assumptions on \(a(x)\) and \(h(x)\), for instance \(a(x)\sim |x|^{-\beta_1}\), \(h(x)\sim |x|^{-\beta_2}\) (\(\beta_1>\beta_2>0\)), the perturbed problem has at least four classical solutions. Another result is that the perturbed problem with \(u\in D^{1,2}(\mathbb{R}^N)\) (\(D^{1,2}(\mathbb{R}^N)\) is the completion of \(C_c^{\infty }(\mathbb{R}^N)\) with respect to the Dirichlet norm), \(N\geq 3\), \(p=(N+2)/(N-2)\), \(a\in C(\mathbb{R}^N)\), \(h\in L^{2N/(N+2)}(\mathbb{R}^N)\) and \(h(x)\geq 0\) admits at least two classical solutions.

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