The exterior algebra and ``spin of an orthogonal g-module

DOI10.1007/BF01237253MaRDI QIDQ1601416zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Dmitri I. Panyushev

Publication date 26 September 2002

Published in Transformation Groups (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0001161

zbMATH Keywords

isotropy representationsPoincaré polynomialreductive Lie algebrasymmetric spaces

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Representations of Lie algebras and Lie superalgebras, algebraic theory (weights) (17B10)

Abstract: A well-known result of Kostant gives a description of the G-module structure for the exterior algebra of Lie algebra $frakg$. We give a generalization of this result for the isotropy representations of symmetric spaces. If $frakg={frakg}_0+frak{g}_1$ is a Z_2-grading of a simple Lie algebra, we explicitly describe a ${frakg}_0$-module $Spi{n}_0({frakg}_1)$ such that the exterior algebra of ${frakg}_1$ is the tensor square of this module times some power of 2. Although $Spi{n}_0({frakg}_1)$ is usually reducible, we show that a Casimir element for ${frakg}_0$ always acts scalarly on it. We also a give classification of all orthogonal representations of simple algebraic groups having an exterior algebra of skew-invariants.

Review text

Let \(k\) be an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. Let \(\mathfrak{g}\) be a reductive Lie algebra over \(k\) with corresponding connected and simply connected group \(G\). A result of Kostant, namely the description of the \(G\)-module structure for the exterior algebra of \(\mathfrak{g},\) is generalized to the isotropy representations of symmetric spaces. The paper starts by describing all irreducible orthogonal \(\mathfrak{g}\)-modules \(\mathbb{V}\) such that the algebra of skew invariants \((\wedge ^{\bullet}\mathbb{V})^{\mathfrak{g}}\) is free. With this condition it is shown that either \({\mathbb V}\cong\mathfrak{g}\) (and hence \(\mathfrak{g}\) is simple) or that \(\mathfrak{g}\oplus\mathbb{V}\) is a simple \(\mathbb{Z}_{2}\)-graded Lie algebra. For the latter case, the results are presented in a table, providing, among other things, the Poincaré polynomial of \((\wedge^{\bullet }\mathbb{V})^{\mathfrak{g}}\) as well as the graded subspace \(P\subset (\wedge^{\bullet}\mathbb{V})^{\mathfrak{g}}\) for which \((\wedge^{\bullet }\mathbb{V})^{\mathfrak{g}}\) is the exterior algebra over \(P\). If \(\mathbb{V}\) is orthogonal, then the authors describe the ``spin of \(\mathbb{V}\) in an effort to understand the \(\mathfrak{g}\)-module structure of \(\wedge^{\bullet}\mathbb{V}\). Here Spin(\(\mathbb{V}\)) is the \(\mathfrak{g} \)-module structure obtained by restricting the spinor representation of \(\mathfrak{so}(\mathbb{V})\) to \(\mathfrak{g}\). It turns out that \(\wedge^{\bullet}\mathbb{V}\) is isomorphic to either Spin(\(\mathbb{V} \))\(^{\otimes 2}\) or to \(2\)-Spin(\(\mathbb{V}\))\(^{\otimes 2},\) depending on the dimension of \(\mathbb{V}\). From here the author introduces the reduced spin Spin\(_{0}\)(\(\mathbb{V}\)), which is obtained from Spin(\(\mathbb{V}\)) by omitting a certain numerical factor. If Spin\(_{0}\)(\(\mathbb{V}\)) is irreducible, then \(\mathbb{V}\) is called coprimary. Coprimary modules are then classified by classifying the irreducible ones and then using a ``direct-sum procedure. The irreducible coprimary modules depend on the nature of \(\mathfrak{g}\): if \(\mathfrak{g}\) is simple then \(\mathbb{V}\cong\mathfrak{g;}\) if \(\mathfrak{g}\) is of type \(B_{n},\) \(C_{n},\) or \(F_{4}\) then \(\mathbb{V}\) is the little adjoint module; if \(\mathfrak{g=so}(\mathbb{W})\) then \(\mathbb{V}\) is the Cartan component of \(\mathcal{S}^{2}\mathbb{W}\) when \(\mathbb{W}\) has odd dimension (greater than one). It is then shown that Spin\(_{0}(\mathbb{V})\) gives a nice description for all symmetric spaces. This is due to the fact that any coprimary representation is a specific isotropy representation. Finally, Spin(\(\mathbb{V}\)) is called decomposably generated if all of its highest weight vectors are extreme. A conjecture is presented here that says Spin(\(\mathbb{V}\)) is decomposably generated if and only if \(\mathfrak{g}\oplus\mathbb{V}\) is a \(\mathbb{Z}_{2}\)-graded semisimple Lie algebra. This conjecture is proved for isotropy representations of affine homogeneous spaces \(G/H\) with rank \(\mathfrak{g=}\)rank \(\mathfrak{h}\).

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Cited in

(19)

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• Long Abelian ideals
• Casimir elements associated with Levi subalgebras of simple Lie algebras and their applications
• A note on branching of \(V( \rho )\)
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