Poisson cohomology in dimension two

DOI10.1007/BF02773163MaRDI QIDQ1601474zbMATH OpenFDO

Publication date 14 November 2002

Published in Israel Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0005261

Cohomology of Lie (super)algebras (17B56) Poisson algebras (17B63) Poisson manifolds; Poisson groupoids and algebroids (53D17)

Abstract: It is known that the computation of the Poisson cohomology is closely related to the classification of singularities of Poisson structures. In this paper, we will first look for the normal forms of germs at (0,0) of Poisson structures on the real (or complex) plane and recall a result given by Arnold. Then, we will compute locally the Poisson cohomology of a particular type of Poisson structure.

Review text

Poisson cohomology is an interesting invariant associated with a Poisson manifold, which was introduced by \textit{A. Lichnerowicz} [J. Differ. Geom. 12, 253--300 (1977; Zbl 0405.53024)] more than 20 years ago. Unfortunately, the computation of Poisson cohomology is extremely difficult. The only general results available concern regular Poisson manifolds [\textit{I. Vaisman}, Ann. Inst. Fourier 40, No. 4, 951--963 (1990; Zbl 0708.58010), \textit{P. Xu}, ibid. 42, No. 4, 967--988 (1992; Zbl 0759.58020)], and linear Poisson structures [\textit{V. L. Ginzburg, A. Weinstein}, J. Am. Math. Soc. 5, No. 2, 445--453 (1992; Zbl 0766.58018)]. Even for 2-dimensional Poisson manifolds, the Poisson cohomology groups have been computed only for very few examples [see \textit{I. Vaisman}, Lectures on the geometry of Poisson manifolds. Prog. Math. 118. Basel: Birkhäuser(1994; Zbl 0810.53019), \textit{N. Nakanishi}, Publ. Res. Inst. Math. Sci. 33, No. 1, 73--89 (1997; Zbl 0970.53042)]. In the present paper the author initiates a systematic study of local Poisson cohomology in dimension 2. For that, the author first recalls Arnold's local classification of smooth Poisson structures in dimension 2, with a finite codimension singularity [see \textit{V. I. Arnol'd}, Tr. Semin. Im. I. G. Petrovskogo 12, 37--46 (1987; Zbl 0694.58015)]. He gives a proof of this classification (up to the ADE classification of singularities of germs), since the details are useful later for the computations of the Poisson cohomology. The Poisson structures in Arnold's list are of the following two types: \[ \Pi_0=f\frac{\partial}{{\partial x}\wedge\frac{\partial}{\partial y}}, \qquad \Pi_1=f(1+h)\frac{\partial}{{\partial x}\wedge\frac{\partial}{\partial y}}, \tag{eq} \] for certain very special weight-homogeneous polynomials \(f\) and \(h\). The author computes the Poisson cohomology groups for Poisson structures of the type (eq), where \(f\) is any weight-homogeneous polynomial of degree \(d\) and weights \(\omega_1\) and \(\omega_2\), and \(h\) is any weight-homogeneous polynomial of degree \(d-\omega_1-\omega_2\). The results are as follows: (1) The group \(H^0_{\Pi}\) is one dimensional in both cases; (2) The groups \(H^1_{\Pi_0}\) and \(H^1_{\Pi_1}\) are isomorphic of dimension \(r+1\), where \(r\) is the dimension of the space of weight-homogeneous polynomials of degree \(d-\omega_1-\omega_2\); (3) The groups \(H^2_{\Pi_0}\) and \(H^2_{\Pi_1}\) have dimension \(r+c\), where \(c\) is the dimension of the coordinate ring of the ideal \(I_f\) spanned by \(\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}\) and \(\frac{\partial f}{\partial y}\) (which has finite dimension since the singularity has finite codimension). Moreover, the author gives explicit generators for the cohomology groups. It is an interesting issue (which the author does not consider) to understand the geometric meaning of these generators.

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