Spectral expansion series with parenthesis for the nonself-adjoint periodic differential operators

DOI10.3934/CPAA.2019020MaRDI QIDQ1615709zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors O. A. Veliev

Publication date 31 October 2018

Published in Communications on Pure and Applied Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1508.00804

zbMATH Keywords

nonself-adjoint operatorsperiodic operatorssingular quasimomentaspectral expansionspectral singularity

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

General spectral theory of ordinary differential operators (34L05) Eigenfunctions, eigenfunction expansions, completeness of eigenfunctions of ordinary differential operators (34L10) Asymptotic distribution of eigenvalues, asymptotic theory of eigenfunctions for ordinary differential operators (34L20) Scattering theory, inverse scattering involving ordinary differential operators (34L25)

Abstract: In this paper we construct the spectral expansion for the differential operator generated in all real line by ordinary differential expression of arbitrary order with periodic complex-valued coefficients by introducing new concepts as essential spectral singularities and singular quasimomenta and using the series with parenthesis. Moreover, we find a criteria for which the spectral expansion coincides with the Gelfand expansion for the self-adjoint case.

Review text

Consider the differential expression \[ l(y) = y^{(n)} + p_2 y^{(n-2)} +\dots p_n y \] with complex valued \(1\)-periodic functions \(p_2, p_3,\dots, p_n\) on \((-\infty, \infty)\) such that \(p_k^{(n-k)} \in L_1[0,1]\) for \(k = 2,3,\dots, n\). Then, \(l(y)\) generates an operator \(L\) in \(L_2(-\infty, \infty)\) and additionally for \(t \in [0, 2 \pi)\) an operator \(L_t\) in \(L_2[0,1]\) associated with the \(t\)-periodic boundary conditions \(y^{(\nu -1)}(1) - e^{it} y^{(\nu -1)}(0)=0(\nu = 1,2,\dots, n)\). For the spectra it is known that \(\sigma (L)\) coincides with the union of all \(\sigma(L_t)\). The present paper studies the question whether elements \(f \in L_2(-\infty, \infty)\) allow the spectral decomposition \[ f(x) = \frac{1}{2 \pi} \sum_{k \in \mathbb Z} \int_{[0,2\pi)}\alpha_k(t) \psi_{k,t}(x) \, dt \] where \(\psi_{k,t}\) are the normalized eigenfunctions of \(L_t\) and \(\alpha_k(t)\) are certain complex values (also determined by the eigenfunctions). The possible appearance of spectral singularities (where -- roughly speaking -- the norms of spectral projections tend to infinity) does not recommend the application of the theory of spectral operators in this non-self-adjoint case. Therefore, the terminology of a so-called essential spectral singularity (ESS) and a singular quasimomentum (SQ) is introduced. As the main result it is shown that the above spectral decomposition is valid for all \(f\) in a certain subspace \(E \subset L_2(-\infty, \infty)\) with convergence in \(L_2(a,b)\) for all \(-\infty < a < b < \infty\) if and only if ESS does not appear (in particular not at infinity). Furthermore, if \(n\) is odd and ESS does appear then a finite number of indices in the above decomposition must be replaced by some additional term (parenthesis). If \(n\) is even then the situation is even more involved.

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Cited in

(8)

• On the spectrality and spectral expansion of the non-self-adjoint Mathieu-Hill operator in \(L_2(-\infty, \infty)\)
• Eigenfunction expansions associated with one-dimensional periodic differential operators of order 2n
• Spectral expansion for nonself-adjoint differential operators with periodic matrix coefficients
• Spectral analysis of the Schrödinger operator with a PT-symmetric periodic optical potential
• On the spectrality of differential operators with periodic coefficients
• Spectral expansion for the one-dimensional Dirac operator with a complex-valued periodic potential
• Spectral decomposition of a perturbed differential operator
• Spectral expansion for a nonselfadjoint periodic differential operator

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