The effects of social exclusion and group heterogeneity on the provision of public goods
Summary: The multi-dimensional nature of social exclusion requires several perspectives in understanding its causes and consequences. Focus on the topic is largely centred around questions of material deprivation. However, as poverty and inequality are inextricably linked to questions of access and inclusion, a holistic approach is required. Consequently, we explore how imposed relational asymmetries which manifest as differences in the ability to exercise personal agency and in turn, engender wealth inequalities, affect social cooperation in future interactions. To do this, we generate wealth inequalities through two prisoner's dilemma games, where one party is excluded from participating in the determination of the outcomes of the game. The effects of this asymmetry in social participation on \textit{ex post} cooperation is examined using a public goods game. We find that the presence of prior asymmetric influence in social decision-making subsequently reduces contributions to the public good, independent of endowment level. This reduction in social welfare is driven by the under-contribution from players who were excluded in prior social interactions. Simply put, the data shows that a history of social exclusion reduces subsequent public goods provision, independent of material inequality.
- Hierarchy, power, and strategies to promote cooperation in social dilemmas
- The emergence and implementation of pool exclusion in spatial public goods game with heterogeneous ability-to-pay
- The impact of heterogeneous investments on the evolution of cooperation in public goods game with exclusion
- Wealth-based rule favors cooperation in costly public goods games when individual selection is inevitable
- Inequality and procedural justice in social dilemmas
- A Theory of Fairness, Competition, and Cooperation
- Endowment inequality in public goods games: a re-examination
- Exploiting moral wiggle room: experiments demonstrating an illusory preference for fairness
- Fairness in simple bargaining experiments
- Heterogeneous reactions to heterogeneity in returns from public goods
- Linear public goods experiments: a meta-analysis
- The impact of endowment heterogeneity and origin on contributions in best-shot public good games
- What behaviors are disapproved? Experimental evidence from five dictator games
- Group size and free riding when private and public goods are gross substitutes
- The effect of increasing returns to scale in public goods investment on threshold values of cooperation under social exclusion mechanism
- Hierarchy, power, and strategies to promote cooperation in social dilemmas
- Cooperation and Learning Dynamics under Wealth Inequality and Diversity in Individual Risk
- Externality effects in the formation of societies
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