On the global stability of a beta-plane equation

PDEs in connection with fluid mechanics (35Q35) Existence, uniqueness, and regularity theory for incompressible inviscid fluids (76B03) Resonance in context of PDEs (35B34) Euler equations (35Q31) General theory of rotating fluids (76U05) Water waves, gravity waves; dispersion and scattering, nonlinear interaction (76B15)

Abstract: We study the motion of an incompressible, inviscid two-dimensional fluid in a rotating frame of reference. There the fluid experiences a Coriolis force, which we assume to be linearly dependent on one of the coordinates. This is a common approximation in geophysical fluid dynamics and is referred to as beta-plane. In vorticity formulation the model we consider is then given by the Euler equation with the addition of a linear anisotropic, non-degenerate, dispersive term. This allows us to treat the problem as a quasilinear dispersive equation whose linear solutions exhibit decay in time at a critical rate. Our main result is the global stability and decay to equilibrium of sufficiently small and localized solutions. Key aspects of the proof are the exploitation of a "double null form" that annihilates interactions between spatially coherent waves and a lemma for Fourier integral operators which allows us to control a strong weighted norm.

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