A new continued fraction approximation and inequalities for the gamma function via the tri-gamma function
Extending the result of \textit{C. Mortici} and \textit{F. Qi} [Result. Math. 67, No. 3--4, 395--402 (2015; Zbl 1316.26032)], and inspired by the form of an improved sharp approximation for the Gamma function in the form of the first part of a continued fraction due to \textit{D. Lu} [Ramanujan J. 35, No. 1, 121--129 (2014; Zbl 1306.33006)], the authors derive an extended Stirling type formula and two-sided inequality for the Gamma function. The main results are: Theorem 1. For every integer \(n\geq 1\), we have \[ \Gamma(n+1)\sim \sqrt{2\pi n}\left(\frac{n}{e}\right)^n \exp{\left( \frac{1}{12}\psi'\left(n+\frac{1}{2}\right)\right)} \exp{\left(\frac{1}{n^2} \frac{a_0}{n+\frac{a_1}{n+\frac{a_2}{n+\cdots}}}\right)}, \] where \(a_0=1/240,a_1=11/28,a_2=193/462.\ldots\) Theorem 2. For every integer \(n\geq 1\), it holds \[ \exp{\left(\frac{1}{n^2}\frac{\frac{1}{240}}{n+\frac{11}{28n}}\right)} < \frac{e^n n!}{n^n\sqrt{2\pi n}\exp{\left(\frac{1}{12}\psi'(n+\frac{1}{2})\right)}}<\exp{\left(\frac{1}{n^2}\frac{\frac{1}{240}}{n}\right)}. \] A useful tool is a result due to \textit{C. Mortici} [Carpathian J. Math. 26, No. 1, 86--91 (2010; Zbl 1212.33001)], given in the paper as Lemma 1. If the sequence \(\{b_n\}_{n\in\mathbb{N}}\) converges to \(0\), and \[ \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\,n^k(b_{n+1}-b_n)=\ell\in\mathbb{R} \] for \(k>1\), then \[ \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\,n^{k-1}b_n=\frac{\ell}{k-1}. \] A nicely written paper.
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