Decompositions of modules lacking zero sums

DOI10.1007/S11856-018-1661-9MaRDI QIDQ1650448zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Zur Izhakian, Manfred Knebusch, Louis Rowen

Publication date 3 July 2018

Published in Israel Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1511.04041

zbMATH Keywords

direct sum decompositionlacking zero summodule over semiringsemiringstrongly projective

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Other classes of modules and ideals in associative algebras (16D80) Semirings (16Y60)

Abstract: A direct sum decomposition theory is developed for direct summands (and complements) of modules over a semiring $R$, having the property that $v+w=0$ implies $v=0$ and $w=0$. Although this never occurs when $R$ is a ring, it always does holds for free modules over the max-plus semiring and related semirings. In such situations, the direct complement is unique, and the decomposition is unique up to refinement. Thus, every finitely generated projective module is a finite direct sum of summands of $R$ (assuming the mild assumption that $1$ is a finite sum of orthogonal primitive idempotents of $R$). Some of the results are presented more generally for weak complements and semidirect complements. We conclude by examining the obstruction to the "upper bound" property in this context.

Review text

The authors develop a direct sum decomposition theory for modules over semirings that lack zero sums (LZS). For a module over a ring, one may have \( v+w=0\) for both \(v\) and \(w\) nonzero, but for modules over semirings, this is often the case only when \(v=w=0.\) Such a module over a semiring is said to lack zero sums. In particular, the theory developed here clarifies direct sum decompositions of submodules of free modules over the max-plus algebra. A hierarchy of conditions on modules \(T\) and \(W\) with \(T+W=V\) is considered. These conditions are: direct complement of \(W\), semi-complement of \(W,\) weak complement of \(W\) and \(W\cap T=\{0_{V}\}.\) For modules over semirings, these conditions are progressively weakening, but for modules over a ring they all coincide. Amongst others, it is shown that the direct complement is unique and the decomposition is unique up to refinement. Projective modules are also investigated. An example is given to justify calling a module over a semi-ring strongly projective if it is a direct summand of a free \(R\)-module. If such a module is indecomposable, it is shown to be of the form \(Re\) for some primitive idempotent element \(e\) of \( R\).

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Cited in

(14)

• On congruence-semisimple semirings and the \(K_{0}\)-group characterization of ultramatricial algebras over semifields
• Summand absorbing submodules of a module over a semiring
• Homology of systemic modules
• Ultramatricial algebras over commutative chain semirings and application to MV-algebras
• On injectivity of semimodules over additively idempotent division semirings and chain MV-semirings
• Categories with negation
• Quasilinear convexity and quasilinear stars in the ray space of a supertropical quadratic form
• Generation of summand absorbing submodules
• Amalgamation and extensions of summand absorbing modules over a semiring
• Stratifications of the ray space of a tropical quadratic form by Cauchy-Schwartz functions
• Vector bundles on tropical schemes
• Amitsur's theorem, semicentral idempotents, and additively idempotent semirings
• Archimedean classes in additive monoids
• Exel's Effros-Hahn conjecture for Steinberg algebras over additively idempotent semifields

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