Graphs and metric 2-step nilpotent Lie algebras

DOI10.1515/ADVGEOM-2017-0052MaRDI QIDQ1653976zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Lisa DeMeyer, Meera G. Mainkar, Rachelle C. Decoste

Publication date 7 August 2018

Published in advg (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1512.07944

zbMATH Keywords

closed geodesicsHeisenberg-like Lie algebranilpotent Lie algebrasstar graphs

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Nilpotent and solvable Lie groups (22E25) Geodesics in global differential geometry (53C22) Differential geometry of homogeneous manifolds (53C30)

Abstract: Dani and Mainkar introduced a method for constructing a 2-step nilpotent Lie algebra $mathfrak{n}_G$ from a simple directed graph $G$ in 2005. There is a natural inner product on $mathfrak{n}_G$ arising from the construction. We study geometric properties of the associated simply connected 2-step nilpotent Lie group $N$ with Lie algebra $mathfrak{n}_G$. We classify singularity properties of the Lie algebra $mathfrak{n}_G$ in terms of the graph $G$. A comprehensive description is given of graphs $G$ which give rise to Heisenberg-like Lie algebras. Conditions are given on the graph $G$ and on a lattice $GammasubseteqN$ for which the quotient $$, a compact nilmanifold, has a dense set of smoothly closed geodesics.

Review text

Starting from previous papers by \textit{S. G. Dani} and the last author [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 357, No. 6, 2235--2251 (2005; Zbl 1061.22008)] and \textit{A. Kaplan} [Geom. Dedicata 11, 127--136 (1981; Zbl 0495.53046)], the authors study in this paper the geometry of 2-step nilpotent Lie algebras by using their finite, simple, directed associated graphs. Particularly, they deal with Heisenberg-like Lie algebras, introduced by \textit{R. Gornet} and \textit{M. B. Mast} [Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér. (4) 33, No. 2, 181--209 (2000; Zbl 0968.53036)], which are a generalization of the well-known Heisenberg-type Lie algebras. Heisenberg-like Lie algebras are characterized by an abundance of 3-dimensional totally geodesic subalgebras. The authors prove in the first place that a 2-step nilpotent Lie algebra constructed from a connected graph is a Heisenberg-like Lie algebra if and only if the graph is a star graph or a complete graph on three vertices. After that, the results that they obtain concern the density of closed geodesics property for nilmanifolds arising from 2-step nilpotent Lie algebras associated to graphs. Indeed, as the main result, they prove that fixed a 2-step nilpotent Lie algebra constructed from a star graph or a complete graph \(G\) on three vertices, then there exists a lattice \(\Gamma \subset N\) such that the quotient space \(\Gamma / N\) has the density of closed geodesics property. That result allows them to connect graph theory, 2-step nilpotent Lie algebras and the density of closed geodesics property.

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Cited in

(16)

• Compact symplectic nilmanifolds associated with graphs
• Lie bialgebra structures on 2-step nilpotent graph algebras
• The geodesic flow on nilpotent Lie groups of steps two and three
• Automorphism groups of pseudo \(H\)-type algebras
• Graphs and two-step nilpotent Lie algebras
• Solvable Lie algebras and graphs
• Two-step and three-step nilpotent Lie algebras constructed from Schreier graphs
• Two-step nilpotent Lie algebras attached to graphs
• The geodesic flow on nilmanifolds associated to graphs
• Degenerations of graph Lie algebras
• Automorphism groups of nilpotent Lie algebras associated to certain graphs
• Nonself-adjoint $2$-graph algebras
• The Reidemeister spectrum of 2-step nilpotent groups determined by graphs
• Abelian factors in 2-step nilpotent Lie algebras constructed from graphs
• Classification of K -forms in nilpotent Lie algebras associated to graphs
• Curvature exponent and geodesic dimension on Sard-regular Carnot groups

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