On yielding and jointly yielding entries of Euclidean distance matrices

Abstract: An

n i m e s n

matrix D is a Euclidean distance matrix (EDM) if there exist

p^{1}, l d o t s, p^{n}

in some Euclidean space such that

d_{i j} = | | p^{i} - p^{j} | |^{2}

for all

i, j = 1, l d o t s, n

. Let D be an EDM and let

E^{i j}

be the

n i m e s n

symmetric matrix with 1's in the

i j

th and

j i

th entries and 0's elsewhere. We say that

[l_{i j}, u_{i j}]

is the yielding interval of entry

d_{i j}

if it holds that

D + t E^{i j}

is an EDM iff

l_{i j} l e q t l e q u_{i j}

. If the yielding interval of entry

d_{i j}

has length 0, i.e., if

l_{i j} = u_{i j}

, then

d_{i j}

is said to be unyielding. Otherwise, if

l_{i j} e q u_{i j}

, then

d_{i j}

is said to be yielding. Let

d_{i j}

and

d_{i k}

be two unyielding entries of

D

. We say that

d_{i j}

and

d_{i k}

are jointly yielding if

D + t_{1} E^{i j} + t_{2} E^{i k}

is an EDM for some nonzero scalars

t_{1}

and

t_{2}

. In this paper, we characterize the yielding and the jointly yielding entries of an EDM D in terms of Gale transform of

p^{1}, l d o t s, p^{n}

. Moreover, for each yielding entry, we present explicit formulae of its yielding interval. Finally, we specialize our results to the case where

p^{1}, l d o t s, p^{n}

are in general position.

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