The Bergman analytic content of planar domains
Let \(\Omega\) be a bounded domain in \(\mathbb{C}\) and \(A^2(\Omega)\) the classical Bergman space. \textit{Z. Guadarrama} and \textit{D. Khavinson} [Contemp. Math. 454, 43--61 (2008; Zbl 1156.30029)] introduced the notion of ``Bergman analytic content defined as \[ \lambda_{A^2}(\Omega) = \mathrm{dist}_{L^2(\Omega)}(\overline{z}, A^2(\Omega)). \] They showed that the best approximation to \(\overline{z}\) is \(0\) if and only if \(\Omega\) is a disk, and that the best approximation is \(\frac{c}{z}\) if and only if \(\Omega\) is an annulus centered at the origin. Recently, \textit{D. Khavinson} and the first author [Contemp. Math. 679, 79--90 (2016; Zbl 1408.30047)] reduced the problem of finding the best approximation to that of solving a Dirichlet problem in \(\Omega\) with boundary data \(|z|^2\). Using this fact, in the present paper the authors prove that, if \(\Omega \) is a simply connected quadrature domain with quadrature formula supported at a single point (say, the origin) and if \[ \phi(z) = \sum_{k=1}^na_kz^k \] is a polynomial conformal map from the unit disk \(\mathbb{D}\) on \(\Omega\), then the Bergman analytic content \(\lambda_{A^2}(\Omega)\) of \(\Omega\) is given by \[ \lambda_{A^2}(\Omega) = \sqrt{\pi}\left[ \sum_{m=1}^{2n-1} \frac{|c_m|^2}{m+1} - \sum_{k=1}^{n-1}k\left|\sum_{j=1}^{n-k} a_{k+j}\overline{a_j}\right|^2\right]^{\frac{1}{2}}\,, \] where \(c_m = \sum_{k+j=m+1}ka_ka_j\), \(1 \leq k\,, j \leq n\). Moreover, the best approximation \(f\) to \(\overline{z}\) is the derivative \(f = F^{\prime}\) of \(F = P \circ \phi^{-1}\) where \[ P(\zeta) = \frac 12 \sum_{k=1}^n |a_k|^2 + \sum_{k=1}^{n-1}\sum_{j=1}^{n-k}a_{k+j}\overline{a_j}\zeta^k\,. \] This result reveals that for a large class of quadrature domains the best approximation \(f\) has a primitive \(F\) that becomes a polynomial in the right coordinate system. In Theorem 1.2 the authors present a very nice result showing that, for a bounded simply connected domain \(\lambda_{A^2}(\Omega)^2 = \rho(\Omega)\), where \(\rho(\Omega)\) denotes the torsional rigidity of \(\Omega\), which measures the resistance to twisting of a cylindrical beam with cross section \(\Omega\). The proofs of the main results are clear and quite accessible. The article also includes illustrating examples giving the exact values of the Bergman analytic content for some domains as the epicycloid and the annulus. In the opinion of the reviewer this is a very nice and interesting paper.
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