A new structural approach to isoparametric hypersurfaces in spheres

DOI10.1007/S10455-017-9563-3MaRDI QIDQ1689303zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Anna Siffert

Publication date 12 January 2018

Published in Annals of Global Analysis and Geometry (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1410.6206

zbMATH Keywords

Grassmannians isoparametric hypersurfaces in spheres Lagrangian submanifolds

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Differential geometry of homogeneous manifolds (53C30) Global submanifolds (53C40) Global differential geometry of Hermitian and Kählerian manifolds (53C55)

Abstract: The classification of isoparametric hypersurfaces in spheres with four or six different principal curvatures is still not complete. In this paper we develop a structural approach that may be helpful for a classification. Instead of working with the isoparametric hypersurface family in the sphere, we consider the associated Lagrangian submanifold of the real Grassmannian of oriented

2

-planes in

m a t h b b R^{n + 2}

. We obtain new geometric insights into classical invariants and identities in terms of the geometry of the Lagrangian submanifold.

Review text

The paper deals with the classification of isoperimetric hypersurfaces in spheres with six distinct principal curvatures. The classification is still not complete but the paper gives a new structural approach to the problem. The only allowable number of distinct principal curvatures are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and a review of known results is given. Consider a 1-parameter family \(F_t\) of parallel hypersurfaces \(M^n\) in the sphere \(\mathbb S^{n+1}\) with normal field \(\nu_t(p)\), \(p\in M^n\), and the associated submanifold \({\mathfrak L}(M^n)\) in the Grassmannian \(\mathrm{Gr}_2^+(\mathbb R^{n+2})\) defined by sending \(p\) to the plane spanned by \(F_t(p)\) and \(\nu_t(p)\). Then \({\mathfrak L}(M^n)\) becomes a Lagrangian submanifold in \(\mathrm{Gr}_2^+(\mathbb R^{n+2})\) with respect to its Kähler structure. The paper utilizes a set of three invariants defined on \({\mathfrak L}(M^n)\) consisting of the induced metric \(\hat g\) from the Kähler metric on \(\mathrm{Gr}_2^+(\mathbb R^{n+2})\) and two others which depend on the shape operator of \(F_t\) mapping \(M^n\) into \(\mathbb S^{n+1}\). The embedding \(F_0\) is said to be \textit{isoparametric} if its principal curvature functions, \(\lambda_j(0)\), are constant and one may order them as \(\lambda_1(0)>\cdots>\lambda_6(0)\). Denote the curvature distribution of \(\lambda_j(0)\) by \(D_j\) and the projection of \(TM^n\) onto \(D_j\) by \(\pi_j\). The main result of the paper, Theorem 4.7, gives a number of equivalent conditions for the homogeneity of isoparametric hypersurfaces in spheres with six distinct principal curvatures. For example, \(R(\pi_iX,\pi_{i+3}Y,\pi_{i+3}Y,\pi_iX)=0,\forall i\in\{1,\dots,6\}\) where \(R\) is the curvature tensor of \({\mathfrak L}(M^n)\).

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