Constraining neutrino masses, the cosmological constant and BSM physics from the weak gravity conjecture

DOI10.1007/JHEP11(2017)066MaRDI QIDQ1706877zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Luis Ibáñez, Víctor Martín-Lozano, Irene Valenzuela

Publication date 28 March 2018

Published in Journal of High Energy Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.05392

zbMATH Keywords

beyond standard modelmodels of quantum gravityquark masses and SM parameterssuperstring vacua

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Applications of vector bundles and moduli spaces in mathematical physics (twistor theory, instantons, quantum field theory) (14D21) Moduli problems for differential geometric structures (58D27) String and superstring theories; other extended objects (e.g., branes) in quantum field theory (81T30) Strong interaction, including quantum chromodynamics (81V05) Quantization of the gravitational field (83C45) String and superstring theories in gravitational theory (83E30) Astrophysical cosmology (85A40)

Abstract: It is known that there are AdS vacua obtained from compactifying the SM to 2 or 3 dimensions. The existence of such vacua depends on the value of neutrino masses through the Casimir effect. Using the Weak Gravity Conjecture, it has been recently argued by Ooguri and Vafa that such vacua are incompatible with the SM embedding into a consistent theory of quantum gravity. We study the limits obtained for both the cosmological constant $Lambd{a}_4$ and neutrino masses from the absence of such dangerous 3D and 2D SM AdS vacua. One interesting implication is that $Lambd{a}_4$ is bounded to be larger than a scale of order $m_u^4$, as observed experimentally. Interestingly, this is the first argument implying a non-vanishing $Lambd{a}_4$ only on the basis of particle physics, with no cosmological input. Conversely, the observed $Lambd{a}_4$ implies strong constraints on neutrino masses in the SM and also for some BSM extensions including extra Weyl or Dirac spinors, gravitinos and axions. The upper bounds obtained for neutrino masses imply (for fixed neutrino Yukawa and $Lambd{a}_4$) the existence of upper bounds on the EW scale. In the case of massive Majorana neutrinos with a see-saw mechanism associated to a large scale $Msimeq10^{10-14}$ GeV and $Y_{u_1}simeq10^{-3}$, one obtains that the EW scale cannot exceed $M_{EW}lesssim10^2-10^4$ GeV. From this point of view, the delicate fine-tuning required to get a small EW scale would be a mirage, since parameters yielding higher EW scales would be in the swampland and would not count as possible consistent theories. This would bring a new perspective into the issue of the EW hierarchy.

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