Matrix method for persistence modules on commutative ladders of finite type

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Abstract: The theory of persistence modules on the commutative ladders CLn(au) provides an extension of persistent homology. However, an efficient algorithm to compute the generalized persistence diagrams is still lacking. In this work, we view a persistence module M on CLn(au) as a morphism between zigzag modules, which can be expressed in a block matrix form. For the representation finite case (nleq4), we provide an algorithm that uses certain permissible row and column operations to compute a normal form of the block matrix. In this form an indecomposable decomposition of M, and thus its persistence diagram, is obtained.


A persistence module \(M\) on a commutative ladder over the field \(K\) can be identified with a commutative diagram of \(K\)-vector spaces and \(K\)-linear maps of the form \[\begin{array}{cccccccc} W_1 & \xleftrightarrow{\phi_1} & W_2 & \xleftrightarrow{\phi_2} & \cdots & W_{n-1} & \xleftrightarrow{\phi_{n-1}} & W_n\\ \hspace{6pt}\uparrow{F_1} & & \hspace{6pt}\uparrow{F_2} & & & \hspace{6pt}\uparrow{F_{n-1}} & & \hspace{6pt}\uparrow{F_n}\\ V_1 & \xleftrightarrow{\psi_1} & V_2 & \xleftrightarrow{\psi_2} & \cdots & V_{n-1} & \xleftrightarrow{\psi_{n-1}} & V_n \end{array}\] where each horizontal arrow has a specified direction, namely either \(\leftarrow\) or \(\rightarrow\). The direction \(\tau_i\) of the arrow \(\phi_i\) is required to be the same as that of \(\psi_i\), and the sequence \(\tau=(\tau_1,\ldots,\tau_{n-1})\) is called the orientation of the ladder. In the language of zigzag persistent homology, each horizontal row in the diagram is a \(\tau\)-module [\textit{G. Carlsson} and \textit{V. de Silva}, Found. Comput. Math. 10, No. 4, 367--405 (2010; Zbl 1204.68242)]. Any such module can be written as the direct sum of interval \(\tau\)-modules of the form \({\mathbb I}[a,b]\), where \({\mathbb I}[a,b]_i=K\) if \(a\leq i\leq b\) and trivial otherwise, and all non-trivial arrows are the identity. Using this basis, the map from the bottom row of the diagram to the top row determines a matrix \(\Phi(M)\). Under the assumption that \(n\leq 4\), the authors provide a Smith normal form style algorithm for reducing \(\Phi(M)\). The persistence diagram of \(M\) can then be extracted from the resulting matrix.











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